Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Essay

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Environment - Essay Example The industry of paper production remains strong as demand for paper products continues to be high. This trend is expected to be the same in the near future even with the popularity of electronic documentation. Currently, the United States is the biggest producer, and at the same time, the biggest consumer of paper products in the world (Eldred, 2005). Most of the paper mills in the United States are concentrated in areas where there are extensive forest harvesting activities. These are usually in the Southeast, Northwest, Northeast and North Central regions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2002, p. 10). Generally, paper manufacturers produce printing and writing papers, newspapers, sanitary tissue, industrial type papers, containerboard and boxboard.as finished products. The production involves the production of pulp from wood from trees or from used paper, matting the fibers into paper and then cutting and shaping the paper into the finished product. During the first part of paper production, the wood chips are dissolved and turned into fibers using chemicals or through mechanical means. The process used in dissolving the wood chips depends on the end product that the manufacturer would produce, but the majority of pulp produced is made through the bleached and unbleached kraft processes (EPA, 2002, p. 7). After the wood is converted into pulp or paper sheet, the material is laid out on a screen to remove the water, and the remaining layer of fiber is compressed into a series of rollers. The resulting type of paper is dependent on the cellulose content of the pulp and also on the thickness of the paper. The economic status of the paper industry relies heavily on the market demand for paper products. The health of the business is dependent on the overall economy, as a decline in the economy would also mean that there would be lesser office workers requiring paper (Eldred, 2005). The industry is also dependent on the condition of the newspaper, book and journal publication business, although this is not to say that the popularity of document access via the Internet would mean a decline in paper use. In fact, the easy access to materials through the Internet allows users to produce and print out materials onto paper without much effort. Because of the strong market demand, the paper industry makes it among the top 10 manufacturing industries in the United States in terms of shipment value (EPA, 2002, p. 9). Paper production requires huge capitalization on the part of operators, especially in terms of investments for plant facilities and equipment. These capital outlays are essential in eventually lowering the overall production costs of the facilities and thereby increasing the profitability of the operations. Aside from the costs incurred through facilities and equipment, paper manufacturers are also faced with costs related to environmental compliance. The environmental compliance-related costs could negatively affect the profitability of paper manufacturers as well as their competitiveness against producers based in countries with less stringent environmental laws. These additional costs could also cause increases in paper product prices The industry is al

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose Essay Why I want to pursue Masters in Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Swinburne University I decided to pursue a master’s degree to strengthen my path in entrepreneurship and to eventually become a successful social entrepreneur. I started out my career as a graphic designer, despite my achievements in work I always feel an urge to start my own business and serve the community at large. On that account I started a new beginning for myself, first by teaching at a university and volunteering for social works. Second, with a partner I established a small independent coffee shop serving as a creative community hub and promoting homegrown coffee. I discover that I love the new activities that I’m doing. While acknowledging an even bigger aspiration to be a social entrepreneur, I became aware that it takes more than guts, street savvies and accounting books to actually run a business smoothly. My decision to get this degree abroad is because I believe to be a future leader in any field one needs to have a broad mind and to be exposed with various culture and way of thinking. I choose Australia not only because of its close ties with Indonesia, but also the people’s friendliness and multiculturalism. I was delighted to find out the Swinburne has the exact program that is suitable for my needs with, and I was more thrilled to know the Master of Entrepreneurship and Innovation has a social entrepreneurship stream option. I am confident that getting an Masters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation will not only increase my skills and potential in business, but also give me an edge for me to set up new ventures in social entrepreneurship. I hope you will give me the privilege to continue my studies at your institution.

Appalachia Culture Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people have different views on what Appalachia is, I grew up thinking that Appalachia meant people were dirty, poor, illiterate, inbreed and we also called them mountain people. As I grew up I realized that most of the things they went through and had a hard time with, I was dealing with the same problems. So what exactly is Appalachia? Well you will find out as you read on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Appalachia is no longer the land of severe poverty that it was three decades ago, now the poverty rate of one in 15 is close to the national average. The number of adults who have received a high school diploma has also jumped from one out of three to two out of three; and the infant death rate has been cut in half. Comparing the 391 counties in the Appalachian Regional Commission with counties outside the region that were similar to Appalachian counties in the 1960s, researchers found that Appalachian counties grew significantly faster than their counterparts. Specifically, overall income in Appalachia grew 48 percent faster; per capita income grew 17 percent faster; and population grew five percent faster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Appalachian mountaineers have been discovered and forgotten many times. Their primitive agriculture disrupted by foragers and incessant guerrilla warfare, thousands of them straggled out of the mountains in search of food and shelter. Their plight was brought to the attention of President Lincoln, who promised that after the war a way would be found to aid the poor mountain people whom the world had bypassed and forgotten for so long. The war ended, President Lincoln was assassinated, and so therefore Appalachia was forgotten. Appalachian people are considered a separate culture, made up of many unique backgrounds - Native Americans, Irish, English and Scotch, and then a third immigration of Germans and Poles - all blended together across the region. The mountains also figure into the uniqueness of Appalachia. The mountains kept Appalachia isolated from the rest of the country and from other people's involvement in their lives that they developed a distinctive culture. (arministry.org) The life in the wilderness and the continuing isolation of Appalachian people has made us different from most other Americans. The Appalachian value system that influences attitudes and behavior is diff... ...the only major geologic event in the history of the Appalachians. Several glaciers have covered parts of the Northern Appalachians over the last three million years. (Appalachian tales) The mountains have been there ever since and that is how they were formed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what is Appalachia? Appalachia is no different from any other person in this world. The people had to struggle just as bad as some of us did, but were criticized because they lived in the mountains or away from other people. They didn’t know that once they sold their land for the oil miners that they would loose everything and eventually be run out from their own homes. They couldn’t help being poor or not being able to go to school and get the proper education like most of us got. So why do we still have these same stereotypes now as they had before? One description was that they walked barefoot and I guess I’m part of the Appalachian region because I walk outside almost everyday barefoot even though I had my thoughts about which Appalachian people were. Appalachia is part of our history that people don’t know much about or they wouldn’t have these stereotypes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Bribery: Tammany Hall Essay

Political machines of fraud and bribery Introduction: Lincoln Steffens published the â€Å"shame of the cities† witch was a book based on the corruption in the 1900’s. By 1900, many cities in the south of America were controlled by political machines. These organizations consisted of full-time politicians whose main goal was to get and keep politicians power and money and also influence that went into it. In the 1900’s, machines were usually associated with a political party; party’s forced to join to limit competition. And although it provided aids it also stifled opportunities for many citizens. Political bosses controlled access to city jobs for example police and fire departments or on contraction projects. To get a city work contract you had to donate to the machines reelection campaign. Many business paid politicians make government not to interfere with their activities. Such payoffs became part of the cost of doing business. Muckrakers called them BRIBERY National government also suffered from corruption. For example, the constitution gave state legislatures the power to choose senators, but corporations often bribed state legislators to elect their favored candidates to the senate. The senates were really wealthy men with class ties to powerful industries. As cities and their problems grew rapidly the political environment changed. No longer did politicians run small manageable cities. These were big cities with big city problems and the government structures designed to cope with these problems grew. As the government grew it became the livelihood for many professional politicians. Some would argue that these politicians were corrupt, they would argue that they provided a needed service . he Society of St. Tammany, which was also called the Columbian Order, was founded in May 1789 (some sources say 1786). The organization took its name from Tamamend, a legendary Indian chief in the American northeast who was said to have had friendly dealings with William Penn in the 1680s. The original purpose of the Tammany Society was for discussion of politics in the new nation. The club was organized with titles and rituals based, quite loosely, on Native American lore. For instance, the leader of Tammany was known as the Grand Sachem, and the club’s headquarters was known as the wigwam. Befor long the Society of St. Tammany turned into a distinct political organization affiliated with Aaron burr, a powerful force in New York politics at the time.

Men Really are from Mars

It has been my experience that no matter how we try to alike, men and women definitely act differently, respond differently and see the world differently.   I have witnessed this behavior first hand in many of my classes. I had never noticed exactly how different we were until I started looking, and I was very surprised at how obvious it is.   My results may not be the same in every situation and I do not wish to generalize but overall and in most cases, this is what I witnessed. Firstly, in the classroom, in the learning environment the women seemed to â€Å"physically† be paying attention.   They made almost constant eye contact with the professor, took notes and watched every movement.   In contrast, the men, although paid attention, did not appear as â€Å"physical† about it.   They listened but very differently.   The women's listening skills were very active.   They watched, and gestured in agreement (when they agreed) and made notes while almost never losing eye contact.   The men, also took notes, but seemed to be able to do so without watching the professor or even appearing to be listening.   When something noteworthy was said, the women scribbled feverishly, but the men seemed to jot it down.   Again, this was not 100% the case, but obvious enough to notice and mention. The opposite happened, however, when the students spoke in class. When a male was asked to speak, he stood up very tall and also very exaggerated.   His shoulders broadened, his voice deepened and he appeared very serious.   Most of the males that spoke also gestured with their hands to emphasize their point.   Their voices were louder than necessary as they directed their answer to the professor.   In contrast, when a female spoke, her voice was quiet and she appeared to speak to the class as opposed to just the teacher.   I also never saw any female gesture dramatically with her hands or talk louder than necessary. Before class, when the atmosphere was more social, I also noticed several distinct differences between the males and the females.   The males grouped together and were again loud and sometimes obnoxious with language and jokes.   In this setting their actions were overly dramatic and it seemed they wanted everyone to hear what they were saying, whether they were in the conversation or not.   Also, when they grouped together to talk, almost 100% of the time, only males were in the group. Again, in sharp contrast was the way the females socialized.   Although they mainly talked to other women, at times, they did include men, and they spoke very quietly.   Their conversations were not â€Å"locker room talk†, but instead about the last assignment, or the current subject.   Even when they did speak socially, I didn't hear any crude jokes or obscenities.   This is not to say they didn't occur, just that if they did, because the women spoke so much quieter I couldn't hear them. After class was again a huge difference.   The men gathered up their books (many times early) and left the classroom quickly, again loudly and with friends.   The women took their time, waited for the crowd to disperse and walked slowly out of the room.   Many of them even stopped to talk to the professor on the way out, and some of them waited for friends in the hallway.   The differences were as obvious as night and day, and ones that I had never really noticed before. In every situation I witnessed the differences in men and women were so obvious I was shocked that I hadn't noticed them before.   The men not only talked to each other differently, but seemed to hear each other differently as well.   The women seemed to genuinely listen and even ask questions about the material.   Again, I don't mean to generalize as some men did ask questions, but overall it was the women who asked more questions about the material.   Also when a male asked a question, he usually blurted it out and did not look around to see if anyone else had a question.   It's difficult to point that out because although that was the case, it did not appear rude at the time, or selfish.   The women accepted it, the professor accepted it.   It was as if, it was not obvious to anyone, except me, and only because I was watching their behavior. I think these differences are huge, and I can fully understand why they say men are Mars and women are from Venus.   It really is as if we see things totally differently, to the extent where sometimes I wondered if we were all hearing the same material and in the same room.   It was that obvious.   I also think we need to be more aware of these differences and work to understand them.   This effort could result in far fewer arguments and much more peaceful relationship among us.      

How To Outline A Memoir A 3-Step Guide To Organization

How To Outline A Memoir A 3-Step Guide To Organization How to Outline Your Memoir (in 3 Powerful Steps) For aspiring memoirists, one of the trickiest hurdles comes after the beginning moment of inspiration. You get the brilliant idea to write a memoir, sit down at your computer all ready to spill out your story, and†¦you realize you don’t know how to start.Now you might be hit by a flurry of doubts:Where should I begin writing my life-story?How do I know what to include in my memoir?How can I make sure that other people want to read about me and my story?If you’re asking these questions, the solution is simple: write an outline. In this post, we look at how you can turn your assorted memories into a rock-solid outline that will make it that much easier to write (and publish!) your memoir.Why outline?According to Zadie Smith, there are two types of writers in the world: micro managers and macro managers. They are sometimes known as plotters and pantsers. If you’re the former, you may already have started outlining your memoir in your head - so skip ahead to th e next section for concrete tips and get the ball rolling on your outline.If you’re a pantser (someone who writes â€Å"by the seat of their pants†), you may need convincing as to the benefits of outlining. In a nutshell: a week of outlining now could save you a year of torturous revision down the road. Outlining - and figuring out such things as theme and scope - can give your story a sense of purpose before you even start writing it. It’s particularly important for memoirists to have a firm grasp on this before entering the drafting stage. Otherwise, they’re particularly susceptible to simply spilling unstructured memories on paper. Tip: 1 week of outlining now can save you 1 year of torturous revision in the future. As you write your memoir, you may recall another compelling moment from your life or come to an epiphany that might change the thematic direction of your memoir. You should never hesitate to explore them. However, a â€Å"goal without a plan is just a wish,† as Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry said. It’s good to spend some time on an outline and have an initial roadmap in front of you, so that you know in which direction you’re heading - and what point you’re trying to make.

Behaviors and Processes team leadership project and time management essays

Behaviors and Processes team leadership project and time management essays It is often asserted that life is a journey, not a destination. In other words, the process of learning as a group is often more instructive than a review of an individual or even a collective final product. One of the most instructive aspects of working as a team is the ability to observe and critically evaluate different time management strategies over the course of the learning process. To do so is particularly critical in the world of business, particularly businesses the embrace individuals from a For instance, different cultural contexts have different approaches towards time and time management. It has been anecdotally as well as anthropologically observed that some cultures (such as France and Italy) have a very diffuse attitude towards punctuality, where one's individual relational and immediate social contextual needs often surmount the desire to meet specific time goals. Thus,"10am' can mean anytime from 9:45 to 10:30. Other, more punctual cultures, such as our own are much more focused on the goal of meeting at specific hours. One recent immigrant to America commented "the Yellow Pages were something brand new for me when I first arrived in the U.S. I still had the habit of going to a store only to find out that it didn't have what I needed. My wife used to ask, Didn't you call before going there'' The notion of calling ahead of time requires planning and a future orientation, where my upbringing was in a present- Even within the U.S., of course, Northeasterners are supposed to be much more obsessed with meeting specific time limits and conforming to specific strictures than those from the West Coast and South. Even within our own team variations in temporal attitudes were observed. Peak and valley performance and times This does not mean that one attitude towards time management is ...

4 Tips for Writing a Stand-Out Why UChicago Essay

4 Tips for Writing a Stand-Out Why UChicago Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For students applying to the University of Chicago, the â€Å"Why UChicago† essay is more straightforward than most of the other essay prompts you’ll see, but it can still be intimidating to try to figure out how you should tackle this essay. What should you mention? What will impress the admissions team? What are they really looking for in your response? We break down the why UChicago essay, explain everything the University of Chicago is looking for in this essay, suggest topics to write about that’ll help you stand out, and give why UChicago essay examples to help get your creative juices flowing. The Why UChicago Essay Prompt The â€Å"Why the University of Chicago† essay is the only prompt that shows up every year on the UChicago application, and it’s also the only prompt that everyone must answer (for the other essay you’ll have multiple prompts to choose between). This alone should tell you that the University of Chicago takes this essay, and applicants’ responses to it, seriously. Here is the prompt: â€Å"How does the University of Chicago, as you know it now, satisfy your desire for a particular kind of learning, community, and future? Please address with some specificity your own wishes and how they relate to UChicago.† There is no strict word limit to this essay, but UChicago suggests a response of around 250-500 words. What Is the Purpose of This Essay? Why does UChicago require applicants to answer this essay? What are they really looking for in your response? Let’s analyze this prompt. No matter which schools you’re applying to, "why our college?" is probably the most common prompt you’ll on college applications, and for good reason: colleges, including the University of Chicago, want to see that you really want to attend their school. Why? Applicants who love UChicago are more likely to accept an offer of admission, be committed to their studies, participate in extracurriculars, and give back after they graduate. Basically, schools are looking for students who will take advantage of all the unique opportunities they offer so they have the biggest impact at the school and when they’re alumni.If you show in your essay that you really love UChicago, it makes admissions officers feel more confident you’re going to have a significant and positive impact on their school. If you can’t give any compelling reasons for choosing UChicago and/or you don’t seem to have done much research on it, that makes UChicago worry that you’re not that invested and will only do the bare minimum in college, without having much of an impact at the school or afterwards. They may also think you don’t really care about getting into their school, which can make them less likely to admit you. Additionally, UChicago asks you to write this essay to ensure that you and their school are a good fit for each other. If you use the why UChicago essay to talk about how much you love D1 sports teams or how you want to be a famous researcher in geology, the admissions team may be hesitant to offer you a place at UChicago since their sports teams are Division III, and they don’t have a geology major. Basically the purpose of this essay is two part: UChicago wants to make sure you know and value what they offer, and they also want to see how you’re going to make use of these opportunities to reach your goals for the future. What Should You Write About in Your â€Å"Why UChicago† Essay? There are multiple ways you could approach this essay prompt; although since UChicago is best known for its academics (as opposed to killer sports teams, for example), most people will discuss the academic side for at least part of their response. Here's a list of possible topics you can write about: Majors or classes you’re especially interested in The UChicago Core curriculum Professors whose work you admire and whom you’d like to study with or conduct research with Extracurriculars that you’d be interesting in joining The school's intense academic atmosphere UChicago Scav Research opportunities you’d like to have Small class size/discussion-based classes University of Chicago students you’ve met who you admire Volunteer opportunities Financial aid opportunities UChicago offers that make it possible for you to attend In your response, you should choose about one to three reasons why you think the University of Chicago is the best school for you. For each reason, you should describe what UChicago offers and connect it back to your interest and skills to show how you’re a good match for the school. Remember to answer the prompt completely; this means talking about both the learning and community at UChicago, as well as your plans for the future and how UChicago can help you achieve them. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Tips for a Great Response to the Why UChicago Essay Regardless of how you decide to answer this prompt, there are four tips everyone should keep in mind to make sure they’re fully answering the question, giving the information UChicago wants to see, and making sure they stand out from other applicants. #1: Do Your Research Before you begin writing your response to this essay prompt, you should know exactly why you want to attend the University of Chicago. There are multiple ways to do this research: School website Course catalog School newspaper Campus visit Meeting with an alum or current student Meeting with a professor #2: Be Specific From your research, you should have come up with specific reasons why UChicago is a great school for you. The more specific you can be when answering this prompt, the better. Don’t say UChicago has great academics, caring professors, and an interesting student body. Most schools have that. Instead, try to mention opportunities only UChicago can provide, like specific professors, course names, extracurriculars, or research opportunities.The things you discuss should be things your other top schools don’t offer, things that really make UChicago stand out. #3: Show Your Passion UChicago wants students who care a lot about what their studies and their school, so make sure this comes across in their response. A bland statement like, â€Å"I am impressed by UChicago’s strong economics program† doesn’t tell the school anything about you or help you stand out from other applicants. You’ve done your research to mention specific qualities of UChicago that have enticed you, and now you need to discuss specific qualities about yourself as well. Why does the economics program make you so excited? What do you want to get out of it? Do you want to use your knowledge to study the economies of different developing countries and use that knowledge to fight global poverty? That's what you should write about. Showing a passion that’s unique to you will help differentiate you from other applicants and show UChicago that you’re going to take your studies seriously. #4: Discuss Your Vision for the Future It states right in the Why UChicago essay prompt that they want to know how UChicago relates to your goals for the future. So let them know your plans!Do you hope to use your time at UChicago as a launching pad for a career as a researcher at Fermilab? Do you want to major in Theater and Performance Studies and eventually open a drama school for underserved kids?UChicago wants students who dream big, so let them know what your dreams are. Why UChicago Essay Examples To help you get a better idea of what a great response to this prompt can look like, below are two Why UChicago essay examples. The first is an excerpt of an essay written by an admitted student, and the second is an essay we wrote. After the examples we explain what makes them excellent responses. Essay 1 As I prepare to leave my home for a university, I dream of joining the University of Chicago community. In all honesty, UChicago is probably the only university that will accept and even encourage my eclectic thinking and passion for finding adventure in everyday life. Although I hope to major in Computer Science, I also want to study political science and the Italian language to the extent that I can confidently debate Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan and copy Dante’s terza rima poetry. I want to learn about game theory and astrophysics not just in surface-level introductory classes, but through in-depth discussion and analysis. At UChicago, the Core curriculum will feed my hunger for a broad undergraduate education by guaranteeing that one-third of my studies will be dedicated to the exploration of the humanities, sciences, and arts. I yearn to engage in vibrant discussion with UChicago musicians who study neurosciences, business majors who star in theatrical productions, and psychology students who are learning Mandarin. At any other school, I would be an untraditional student, but at UChicago, I will fit right in. Traditional warrior princesses feel at home in castles; it is no surprise that UChicago’s campus is full of them. At UChicago, surrounded by diverse thinkers and unique personalities of every kind, I know that I will feel at home, too. -Samantha M. Essay 2 It was reading an issue of the Chicago Shady Dealer that made me know the University of Chicago was the right school for me. Any school that produced a satire paper that included hilarious and clever articles joking about students taking a math class in an abandoned parking garage or hysterical preaching and projectile vomiting during alumni weekend was a place where I knew I’d belong. After speaking with a current UChicago student, I felt even more strongly that this is the school for me.This student is a Creative Writing major, as I plan to be, and he mentioned so many opportunities for University of Chicago students to publish their writing, from the Shady Dealer, to the Chicago Maroon, to Sliced Bread. My only concern was having enough time to write for all these publications! I’m especially interested in the student magazine Diskord because of its focus on student opinions of national and global news. Many people dismiss young people as uninformed or naà ¯ve, but I’ve found many have my peers have extremely important things to say, and it’s important to hear each other. The student I spoke with on the phone also mentioned that he was able to combine his interests in poetry and French Literature, and I really like how interdisciplinary the major is. Theater and scriptwriting is something I’ve always been interested in learning more about, and I think University of Chicago’s theater workshops and groups like Court Theatre could help me gain more skills in this area. People joke the University of Chicago is where fun comes to die, but from what I’ve seen, it’s just the opposite. I’ve never met a group of students who were so funny, creative, and intent on making an impact, and I’d love to be a part of that. Why Do These Essays Work? Answer the entire prompt:Both of these responses answer every part of the Why UChicago essay prompt. They mention the type of learning the writers hope to receive, the type of community they want to be surrounded by, and what their plans for the future are. Give details:There are many details in both these responses, such as specific classes the authors want to take, what they want to major in, specific extracurriculars and school publications they want to join. Show where they fit in:It’s clear from reading these essays how the authors see themselves fitting in at the University of Chicago. The first hopes to major in Computer Science while also debating famous literary works with fellow classmates, while the second wants to become a writer for school papers, and possibly work on theater productions. They’ve shown the University of Chicago has opportunities they want to take part in and contribute to, and they tie this into their goals for the future. Summary The Why UChicago essay likely won’t be the make or break factor in your application, but it can help give the admissions teams a good idea of why UChicago is a great fit for you.The purpose of this essay prompt is for you to show UChicago that you’ve done research on their school, you feel it’s a good fit for you, and you already know some of the opportunities at the school you want to make the most of. In your UChicago essay, you can write about multiple topics, including academics, the student body, extracurriculars, and research opportunities.When writing your essay for this prompt, be sure to do lots of research on the school, be specific, show your passion, and mention plans you have for the future. Looking at Why UChicago essay examples can also help. What's Next? You'll need to write to essays when you apply to the University of Chicago. Check out our other guide to learn how to tackle both UChicago essays. (coming soon) The "Why This College?" is a common essay topic on college applications. Learn how to write a great "Why This College" essay for every school you're applying to by reading our guide on the topic. Want to see some more college essay examples? We have links to 101 great college essays that includes our expert analysis on how you can write a standout essay of your own. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Global Civil Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Civil Society - Essay Example Through much of the Cold War, realism (a later neorealism) dominated the international relations literature. This particular focus placed an almost exclusive emphasis on the state. However, with the introduction of concepts like interdependence theory in the 1970s by scholar like Keohane and Nye (1977), alternative positions started to emerge. These alternative - neoliberalism in particular - approaches argued that economics and scare resources forced states to interact with each other in increasingly frequency and in doing so states ceded sovereignty to international institutions. While neorealism remained dominant even after the Cold War, these alternatives raised important questions not only about state sovereignty, but also about the existence of international actors and their relationship with the state and between each other. One particular approach that gained momentum after the Cold War was the concept of Global Civil Society (GCS). GCS examines non-state actors such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), non-state organisations and social movements as a whole. Many of these concepts, though, are not new to the post-Cold War era. Rather, within the past two decades, GCS has come to refer to a specific set of actors whose interactions influence the globalised world and particularly challenge the state as an alternative form of governance; with these non-state actors playing an increasingly important role in international affairs. Accordingly, this paper seeks to identify the main actors in GCS and critically assess their roles. First, this essay will define GCS as to generally outline the concept. Section two will introduce the main actors and their roles. Finally, the conclusion will offer suggestions on the future of GCS; which will depend in large part on how current actors perceive and cooperate with each other. Define Global Civil Society While the concept of GCS was greatly developed after the Cold War, its origins can be traced back much earlier and include the idea of civil society. Heywood (2002, p.8) notes that "civil society consists of what Edmund Burke called 'little platoons', institutions such as the family and kinship groups, private business, trade unions, clubs, community groups." Civil society was separate from the mechanisms of the state and, to varying degrees, influenced domestic state behaviour. And as the state interacted with other states with increasing frequency through the 18th century, so too did non-state actors. Through the mid-20th century, Lawson (2003, p. 50) notes that NGOs and international organizations started to significantly increase their interaction with states and this constituted the emergence of 'international civil society'. While states still dominated, these non-state actors exerted more influence on the fabric of international relations. Yet, the framework and the interactio n of these non-state actors were such that it was not long before the 'international' transitioned into the 'global'. Like many concepts in international relations, GCS does not have a universally agreed definition. Axford (2002, p. 558) states "the existence of global civil society - a zone of transnational association and deliberation under the control on neither states nor markets

Graphic Design in the 1950s Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Graphic Design in the 1950s - Assignment Example The assignment "Graphic Design in the 1950s" talks about the ways the graphic design was done in the 1950s. To follow Warhol's passage from commercial artist to the world star is to chart an intriguing transition. The term printing refers to an image consisting of pure black and white with no tonal gradation. For an image to be reproduced through letter press printing, it must meet or condition of line art. An ink drawing is a camera ready the both is economically expedient and visually direct, closely resembles the original. A typical illustration of the shoe by Andy, he demonstrates how a color image is produced from line art. Base layer carries an ink drawing of a patterned shoe, and the second layer on a transparent overlay elaborates the pattern. Most of the dramatic events in the history of graphic art were the invention of photography, whose impact was immediate. Before the introduction of the half tone process in the 18th century, wood engravers reproduced photographs by translating them by hand into patterns of black marks. The process of photographic was widely used in the printing of line drawing; illustration could prepare drawing of arbitrary dimension, which could be then photographically reduced. Some illustration continued to approximate the realism of photography and photographs remained the routine source material throughout the industry, many commercial artists worked to define the products of the hand against those of the camera, marketing drawing that was totally different.

Explaining governmental organizational structure Essay - 2

Explaining governmental organizational structure - Essay Example It has a local economic impact that annually support more than 1370 jobs in the town leading to Annual Earnings of about $78,025,500 and annual economic activities that are amounting to about $214,144,300. It’s a source of employment to the residents of Babylon in different fields like accountants, managers, and aircraft control staff. Since the airport is self-supporting, none of the towns earning from tax is spent in funding any of its operations. In addition the airport together with its residents also contributes over 600,000 dollars as tax to the town. The airport is also the home to the famous American Air power museum which invites air travel enthusiasts from all over the globe. The facility hence adds to the income of the town and the airport. It is also the home to Long Island Republic Airport Historical Society which keeps the important displays of the airport. Finally, the airport has led the town to attain national publicity. It hence hosts world class events like golf. This also earns the town much income. In a recap of all these economic developmental benefits that the airport generates to the town of Babylon, we can conclusively sum it up by saying that the republic airport is an economic pillar to the town of

What Is Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Is Management - Essay Example The need for management: The core idea behind management is to bring things in order, achieve the objectives and reduce any hassle and unwanted activity and process that hinder the overall task undertaken. In short management is to do things in the right way. Key words: synchronization, management, theories, order and chaos. Management in organizational context: The concept of management is directly associated with the field of administrative and business activities. The management may be associated with that of personnel, resources, processes, or other activities that collectively make up for the part of project and are undertaken under given scheme of action and policy to deduce distinct outputs and objectives. Henry Fayol defined it as commanding control and planning of actions (Murugan, 2007. 2) Domain of Management: Management in different spectrums may have the following means and impacts: Organizational management: this is related to the holistic management of the organization . Which may include the dealings and negotiations, the centering of policies, handing of manpower or any other function that may seek direction and guidance. Key steps in management: The function of management itself requires organization and balanced thinking and functioning. Thereby the process of management in itself requires consideration and scheme of action undertaken. The first of these steps is that of planning. Planning what to do will allow for comprehension over how to do. This is followed by the acting phase. The third phase is that of administration and monitoring while the final stage is that of checking over in a feedback stage. Budget management: Budget in an organization serves as the driving force and enables purchase and exchange of goods, machines and other components. Budgets play a vital role towards the success or failure of any project undertaken. Therefore management in this domain is highly important and it serves as the focal point of overall project. Dry up due to budget limitation may result in halting of the processes or possible compromise of the original manifesto and objectives understated initially. Excessive usage of capital may lead to defaulting. Hence management comes to rescue in such scenarios and enables handling the important domain of budget accordingly. Budget may also be associated with the salaries, increments and bonuses of the customers which serves indirectly towards the motivation and encouragement of the personnel associated. Hence in an analogical manner, it can be deduced that management of budget is akin to satisfaction of the workers involved in the project or overall organizational operations. Theories of Management: There are many theories that are used in different circumstances and scenarios by different organizations and enterprises. Each of these vary subject to its applicability, scope and other relevant factors. Two of these theories are: Bureaucratic theory of management and administrative: The or igin of this theory stretches its roots to Europe. With the word being French in its origin, yet the concept being propelled and main streamed by Max Weber (Dolan & Rosenbloom, 2003, 8), the German sociologist. Since in inception three centuries ago, the theory still holds good and is part of major organizations, governmental institutes and other structures. This theory is more solid in its implementation towards organization with large size of workforce, administrative domain and other relevant functions and schemes. For this reason this theory finds its applications on governmental level (Singla, 2010, 57). The pre requisites of this theory require, merit, specialization,

Canadian Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian Economic History - Essay Example This paper seeks to analyze these major events in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. From the period of 1960 till 1973, Equalization payments were made to Manitoba and Saskatchewan which offered protection to Ontario market. In the eighties, petrochemical industry was established and developed in Alberta and Manitoba concentrates on production of buses and light aircrafts(Norrie, Owram, andEmery, 125). Still several provinces relied on exports and on the revenues which were generated by the major industries. In the eighties, majority of Canadians moved to cities and several of them were associated with white collar jobs. In the sixties, the electricity sector in Quebec province was nationalized in order to remove disparities and fluctuation in rates. During the same period, Canada signed Automotive Pact with United States, which concentrated on changing the North American car manufacturing landscape and sought to establish more friendly relations between the two countries (Norrie, Owram, and Emery, 163). This assisted in improving the Canadian economy. In the seventies, the foundations for James Bay project were laid in Quebec. This hydro electric project is considered to be the largest development in the Canadian economic history. The OPEC oil crisis in the seventies led to increase in prices of oil. In 1973, the Canadian government established Petro-Canada to stimulate and encourage the exploration of oil and gas and to develop tar sands of Alberta. At the same time, it concentrated on getting hold of reliable imports and to understand the strategic importance of the industry. During the seventies, the Canadian government put efforts to control the domestic oil prices (Norrie, Owram, and Emery, 172). In the year 1975, Anti-Inflation Act was incorporated which concentrates on escalation of wage and price inflation. Consequently, the Consumer Price Index inflation was 10.7 percent in the year 1974. in 1975, it was 10.9 percent. 1980s and 1990s In the eighties, Canada experience economic recession. There was a great impact on the mineral and manufacturing industry. In 1982, mining activities and operations in Yukon were shut down. More than seven hundred thousand miners were unemployed because of recession. In the mid eighties, the Canadian economy recovered itself and its economic growth was highest among al OECD countries. However, there were vast differences in economies of different Canadian provinces. Central provinces were economically and financially strong, whereas western provinces experiences economic recession because of decrease in prices of oil and other natural resources. The Atlantic Provinces also experienced turnover (Norrie, Owram, and Emery, 175). In the 1990, the Canadian economy started to contract and was heavily affected by the recession. Although recovery began in 1991, Canada experienced high rates of unemployment and budget deficit. However, it should be noted that in the nineties the Canadian econ omic growth rate was about three percent. In the year 1992, the unemployment rate was about twelve percent, which gradually declined to eight percent in 1999.Because of economic recession of early eighties and nineties, high unemployment rates, budget deficits and disaffection were witnessed. Because of the declining economy, Progressive Conservative Party was rejected severely

What Is Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Is Management - Essay Example The need for management: The core idea behind management is to bring things in order, achieve the objectives and reduce any hassle and unwanted activity and process that hinder the overall task undertaken. In short management is to do things in the right way. Key words: synchronization, management, theories, order and chaos. Management in organizational context: The concept of management is directly associated with the field of administrative and business activities. The management may be associated with that of personnel, resources, processes, or other activities that collectively make up for the part of project and are undertaken under given scheme of action and policy to deduce distinct outputs and objectives. Henry Fayol defined it as commanding control and planning of actions (Murugan, 2007. 2) Domain of Management: Management in different spectrums may have the following means and impacts: Organizational management: this is related to the holistic management of the organization . Which may include the dealings and negotiations, the centering of policies, handing of manpower or any other function that may seek direction and guidance. Key steps in management: The function of management itself requires organization and balanced thinking and functioning. Thereby the process of management in itself requires consideration and scheme of action undertaken. The first of these steps is that of planning. Planning what to do will allow for comprehension over how to do. This is followed by the acting phase. The third phase is that of administration and monitoring while the final stage is that of checking over in a feedback stage. Budget management: Budget in an organization serves as the driving force and enables purchase and exchange of goods, machines and other components. Budgets play a vital role towards the success or failure of any project undertaken. Therefore management in this domain is highly important and it serves as the focal point of overall project. Dry up due to budget limitation may result in halting of the processes or possible compromise of the original manifesto and objectives understated initially. Excessive usage of capital may lead to defaulting. Hence management comes to rescue in such scenarios and enables handling the important domain of budget accordingly. Budget may also be associated with the salaries, increments and bonuses of the customers which serves indirectly towards the motivation and encouragement of the personnel associated. Hence in an analogical manner, it can be deduced that management of budget is akin to satisfaction of the workers involved in the project or overall organizational operations. Theories of Management: There are many theories that are used in different circumstances and scenarios by different organizations and enterprises. Each of these vary subject to its applicability, scope and other relevant factors. Two of these theories are: Bureaucratic theory of management and administrative: The or igin of this theory stretches its roots to Europe. With the word being French in its origin, yet the concept being propelled and main streamed by Max Weber (Dolan & Rosenbloom, 2003, 8), the German sociologist. Since in inception three centuries ago, the theory still holds good and is part of major organizations, governmental institutes and other structures. This theory is more solid in its implementation towards organization with large size of workforce, administrative domain and other relevant functions and schemes. For this reason this theory finds its applications on governmental level (Singla, 2010, 57). The pre requisites of this theory require, merit, specialization,

The Effects of Fast Food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effects of Fast Food - Research Paper Example Its aggressive popularity can be assessed from the fact that in the year 1970, the amount of money used for the purchase of fast food was 6 billion dollars but in the year 2000, greater than 110 billion dollars were spent by the Americans on fast food. It can hence be concluded that the citizens of the United States expend a higher sum for utilizing fast food in comparison to their expenditures which include education or purchase of automobiles or new technological gadgets (Schlosser 3). The boom of the fast food industry has brought with it many effects on the American society which are not only restricted to the health of an individual but also include economic, environmental as well as cultural effects. The fast paced lifestyle of the Americans has driven them to increase their consumption of fast food and this had led to increased intake of food with low nutritive value and comprising mainly of fats. Fast food consumers do not tend to have a balanced diet and the ratio of fats an d carbohydrates consumed is much higher than is needed. Furthermore, important food components like milk, fibers and fruits are skipped from the diet due to increased fast food eating. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, 11.3 percent of the daily caloric intake of individuals in the United States was from fast food between the years 2007 till 2010. This excessive consumption of fast food is greatly linked with a rise in the weight of an individual as increased calories are consumed in comparison to the amount of calories that are burnt (Bowman et al 112; Fryar and Ervin 1,5). Thus, a sharp rise in the statistics of obesity has been identified in the United States. Numerous studies have also highlighted this fact that the easy availability of fast food along with a rise in the intake of fast food has promoted obesity. This has provided for a rise in the obese individuals as well as the diseases related to obesity (Jeffery & French 277,278 ; Edelstein & Sharlin 240). The negative effects incurred on the health of an individual are many and recent studies have been indicating the fact that these health effects are not only associated with obesity. According to one study, it was highlighted that fast food has a very bad impact on the integrity of the optimum functioning of the liver of an individual. The liver cells do not perform optimally and increased consumption could eventually lead to inflammation followed by liver failure (Daily Mail Reporter). Another study conducted by the Canadian Journal of Cardiology explained the fact that even a single fast food meal could affect the structure and functions of the blood vessels in the human body. This altered structure could then lead to the pathological condition known as atherosclerosis (Kirkpatrick). The health effects of fast food can best be demonstrated by researching upon the lifestyle of the individuals residing in the city of Loma Linda in California. The average life expectancy of the people residing in the city is above 80 years and this has been due to the vegan diet of the people residing there. This has also been linked with the absence of many fast food restaurants in the city. Thus, healthy eating habits are the main cause for the healthier lives of the people of Loma Linda (Medina). The fast food industry has also been linked with many negative effects on the environment. These include the pollution which results due to the disposal

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression Essay Example for Free

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression Essay During the Great Depression people suffered from lack of work, food and hope for the country and survival. America was ready for change and an end to the depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt‘s New Deal programs would help the economic recovery. The New Deal dramatically increased the role of the government in American life and strengthened the power of the government. The â€Å"Three R’s† of the New Deal which are Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Many of the long lasting effects of the United States economy have brought economic stability to the country. The programs of the New Deal had the three goals of relief for people who were suffering. Examples of programs that are part of the relief is that in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) federally funded and provided jobs, cheap electricity, and flood control to poor rural areas and the Public Works Administration (PWA) which provides jobs through construction projects, such as bridges, housing, hospitals, schools, and aircraft carriers. The second goal was recovery for the economy for it to grow again. Programs that are part of the recovery program is the National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) helped businesses to recover and the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created to help homeowners save their homes from foreclosures. The third goal was reform measures to avoid future depressions. In 1935 the Social Security Act is a combination of public assistance and insurance and the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) guaranteed labor the right to for unions and practice collective bargaining. Many of these programs still exist today to help many people in society. The New Deal had long lasting effects on the United States economy. The policies effects the social and ethnic groups. Native Americans were granted citizenship and tribal self-government as well as their language, customs, and religious. African Americans benefited less from the deal but later received some help and many moved from the Republican to Democratic Party. Women also did not benefit from the New Deal but more women ran for and won political office. In society and culture the Depression, the New Deal and new technology reshaped how people lived and thought. The increasing popularity in movies and radio programs, along with government supported art and writing, made the decade a productive era in American culture. President Roosevelt took many actions to combat the depression. The New Deal legacy has a huge impact in today’s society. The New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate that nation’s economy. It has brought hope and gratitude from some people for the benefits they receive. It also brought anger and criticism from those who believe that it has taken more of their money in taxes and take their freedom through increased government regulations.

Plagiarism In Education System Education Essay

Plagiarism In Education System Education Essay Introduction: Plagiarism has stained our education system for long. The reason behind highlighting this problem is that people, especially in our society are unaware of the consequences of this practice, and it is deemed normal without any sense of guilt or dishonesty. And further the expansion of the internet has made it easier for people to fetch and present someone elses work as their own. So this problem has to be identified so that this unethical practice can be eradicated. The first step in the eradication should be to bring reforms in the educational sector, because students carry on these habits into their practical lives causing social dilemma. This report discusses the reasons for plagiarism and its proposed, and some tried and tested solutions. What is Plagiarism? : Plagiarism is the copying of ideas, wording, or anything else from another source without appropriate reference or acknowledgement so that it appears to be ones own work. (grips,2011) Some others define Plagiarism asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the reproduction or paraphrasing, without acknowledgement, from public or private (i.e. unpublished) material (including material downloaded from the Internet), attributable to, or which is the intellectual property of another, including the work of students. (University of Southampton). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the copying or paraphrasing of other peoples work or ideas into your own work without full acknowledgement (University of Oxford). From above definitions we deduce following important points about plagiarism that it is: using someone elses work, or ideas. and doing so without proper acknowledgement. mere rephrasing of someone elses work does not alleviate one from the crime. Plagiarism is unethical and dishonest. It is unfair to ones fellows who actually worked hard and did the given work/assignment themselves. It like stealing from someone. It can damage ones own credibility along with the credibility of the one whose work the person has plagiarized. Further it Prevents Learning. Hence awareness has to be brought among the students so they can avoid these dire consequences of this practice. Methodology: Plagiarism has existed throughout the history of mankind in one form or the other, but the rise of the technological era and especially internet has made access to information ( others work) exceptionally easier, which has increased the instances of plagiarism considerably. The practice of plagiarism causes damage to the both the doer and the victim. So this practice has been deemed unethical and awareness needs to be brought to every person related to education, so that this practice can be eliminated. This problem can be solved by going through following steps Recognizing plagiarism and its origin Reasons for why students plagiarize Educating and forming anti plagiarism policies. Each of these steps has been based on surveys/studies that were done by credible authorities during the past decade or so. I have gone through these surveys and articles published by my peers, and made my own understanding of this problem. This approach has been employed in the past to highlight such problems and I have thus adopted it to present the problem and its various solutions in this report. Recognition of Plagiarism: Recognizing plagiarism is one of the most important steps towards the eradication of this crime. Everyone needs to recognize the problem of student plagiarism in this internet era. The extent to which this problem has affected the academia is very deep. The reason behind the difficulty in the recognition of the problem is that it is not easy to define plagiarism as there is a very fine line between what can be borrowed and what cant be. So everyone in the environment i.e., peers, instructors have to help students fetch information and guide them the right way to gain the information they seek. Next we have to look into: The reasons why students plagiarize. The General attitude towards plagiarism. The role of academic institution. Means used by students to plagiarize. Ways by which academic institutions detect plagiarism? Available Potential Solutions One important thing is the extent to which this problem has affected our system and how deep it has spread into the education system Reason behind Plagiarism: To get an insight into various reasons why student plagiarize various studies have been done.. In 2002 a survey was conducted of some 35000 U.S college students 36 % admitted to have done copy n paste plagiarism some time in their academic life. (McCabe, 2003). While in a 2006 Canadian survey, more than half of the undergraduates and 35 percent of the graduate students surveyed admitted to some form of cheating on written course work, such as failing to footnote, turning in someone elses work, or falsifying a bibliography (Birchard,2006). The same situation is here in our country where plagiarism, especially in university students has grown considerably and without any check. Here copying of each others assignments is considered normal and no one penalizes them for this practice. Hence students are being encouraged. The problem with such surveys is that the fear of penalties resulting from the conviction of plagiarism causes many students to be dishonest. So the statistics coming out of such surveys have to be regarded as the minima. Academic institutes attitude: In my opinion it is an ethical issue and hence universities cant do much in this regard, besides making strict policies because just by creating mere policies and penalties this cant be controlled effectively as students will find a way around detection. This is an issue that has to be solved by teaching and talking to students about plagiarism in a friendly way. But our teachers do not give heed to plagiarism and once detected do not do the official procedure for the punishment, A few reasons behind such attitude are: The time required is not worth it. The time required in follow up procedures can effect concentration from teaching and learning, the procedures are very stressful, Its not always the students fault because of the culture from they came can be different and they may not know the seriousness of the issue. Internet- the ultimate seduction: A part from the culture students come from, the major reason behind the rise of plagiarism is the rise of the internet. The ease with which information is available has tempted everyone to do less work Researching and spend more time Searching. This is done extensively by students and without proper citation and hence they gain more by doing minimum work. The arrival of bit torrent sites has made it possible for students to get their hands on material with a few clicks, that couldnt have been borrowed without written permission of author before. These comforts have made plagiarism attractive to most of the students. One serious issue is that now there are paper mill or commonly known as cheat sites. Which not only provide students with the material which they can copy and paste but they also encourage them to do less work and hence be efficient they proudly announce that they are aiding students while in reality they are doing a serious offence and ruining the learning phase of many students. These sites enable students to buy material that is exactly what they need without even making the effort to search it online. Once reasons behind plagiarism are known and we know the means by which students can plagiarize we can take better measures to counter plagiarism. Plagiarism Detection: Plagiarism detection used now a day is still very simple because it is based on text matching and they rely on existing databases. Such plagiarism detection has two weak points: . A minor paraphrasing or rephrasing of the copied work will make the plagiarized work undetectable, such sites are effective against students who have make no attempt to amend the text. Also such sites rely on existing databases so material copied from stuff that is not in their database will go undetected. Such as material copied from books, magazines and fellow students, which are not available online. Despite these shortcomings recent studies have shown that these plagiarism detection tools have been somewhat effective in indicating the instances of plagiarism. Some of these are: Turnitin.com is the most widely used plagiarism tool, according to its official website it enables instructors to manage grades and assignments online and instantly identify papers containing unoriginal material. Apart from it, other software such as MyDropbox Suite, Easy Verification Engine (EVE2, MOSS are also very efficient. These are machine based plagiarism detection tools which have their limitations, if we are to eradicate this practice we have to resort to the more conventional ways of human persuasion. We have to make sure that students know the ethical importance of this matter, the dire consequences this can have in their coming life. So that they can avoid this unnecessary ill practice. And resort to the way of learning the right way. Penalties Honor codes: One effective way to prevent plagiarism is through introducing strict penalties on plagiarism and using honor codes at the time of admission and professing them so that students avoid unnecessary disciplinary action against them. Results: The point of the methods described previously was to Identify and Prevent plagiarism. The success of these methods has been measured by many studies. First step was to recognize plagiarism, Tsang and Choys (2005) study was conducted after their seminars on plagiarism, where they educated students about it in those seminars. Before and after seminar they asked students to fill in their questionnaires, which consisted of questions regarding programming and text plagiarism. The results show that before the seminar series only 8-9 percent of the students knew the correct meaning of plagiarism while after the series 90 percent of students knew the correct meaning of plagiarism. Results show the high success rate of such seminars that help students understand and Recognize plagiarism. Next step was to identify the reasons why students plagiarize the results of Tsang and Choy (2005) have been compiled in the following graph. graph.jpg This survey and studies done by (McCabe, 2003) (Birchard, 2006) highlight following major reasons behind plagiarism: Students plagiarize because they dont care about the difference between searching researching. Sometimes due to high expectations students tend to copy others work that is presented in better wording that their own. Lack of knowledge on how to cite references in their work. Pressure to get good grade. Poor time management and organizational skills. The plagiarism Culture i.e. everyone around them is doing the same then why should they restrain themselves. Then the means by which students plagiarize, according to a studies conducted by Roberts (2007) Stoerger (2006) major mean by which students plagiarize is through internet. And the trend of using paper mill sites is gaining popularity such sites include: Schoolsucks.com, Termpapersmonthly.com, Coursework.info, and Essayschool.com. Plagiarism detection tools have been very successful in recent times as indicated by following survey conducted by the turnitin.com, on number of teachers using turnitin each year: instructors_by_AY.png (University of IOWA, 2011) Lastly, the effectiveness of Plagiarism Detection Software and the actions taken, I have generated the following from figures presented in (turnitin.com, 2010). graph2.jpg The results are very much as expected in the previous sections of the report. The reasons why students plagiarize have been generalized and the instances of plagiarism have increased alarmingly. The results of these surveys clearly show that although plagiarism can be detected quite efficiently now days, cases of plagiarism are increasing every year. The penalizing is not happening proportionally. Hence plagiarism is being encouraged indirectly by not taking action against it. Discussion: The purpose of this report was to propose efficient ways to Identify and Prevent the plagiarism in our education sector, the results clearly show favor to the suggested methods i.e., alone relying on machine base solutions does not ensure the attainment of our goals as indicated in figure 3, although instructors caught many cases of plagiarism, no disciplinary actions were taken. Hence there is no point in detecting plagiarism if correct action is not to be taken. So a Mixture of software based methods and proper human guidance are both necessary to control plagiarism. The software based methods have their limitations, so they are not the enough to prevent the instances of plagiarism. As indicated in the results, the seminars and conferences are very effective in educating students on plagiarism and the most effective way to do so is to enable them to realize that it is an ethical and moral issue rather than a professional problem. In this way they can be mentally prepared to counter this problem. Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed, and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source, is usually enough to prevent plagiarism. It is obvious that instructors see plagiarism as a wrong practice and they think that students should be penalized for it. However it is also a fact that instructors ignore many aspects of plagiarism and do not teach students how to avoid it. So the attitude towards plagiarism is correct but the process of tackling instances of plagiarism is not. It should be focused on preventing plagiarism due to ignorance. Only then when instances of plagiarism are caught one can say that it was intentional and strict action is justified. The students should be taught the skill of avoiding plagiarism, and academic institutions should be patient with this as it will take time for students to learn wholly this skill. Carroll (2002) has discussed the complexities that arise in teaching students about plagiarism. In our institutes students are simply given a brief overview of plagiarism and then a website is given to them for details. Such practice is not teaching anyone, anything. Instead, it should be taught gradually, so that students are familiar with core aspects of plagiarism. Also it should be presented as an aspect of academia and not as a crime. Searching vs. Researching Today students try to avoid the brainstorming that is required when researching content. Because it involves reading information and then processing it in their minds to get the idea and use it for their research. Instead an attractive alternative is to search the content efficiently and then using it as it is without processing it and forming ones own understanding of the topic. Promotion of Ethical Behavior: Although Official Polices and awareness lectures do stress the seriousness of the issue among the students but they do not tell the students what it really entails and why they should not do plagiarism?. The punishments do not effectively prevent plagiarism; instead they just make them more cautious. So students themselves should be able to form an opinion that they should not plagiarize and that they themselves should learn skills to write without copying. Plagiarism, as an ethical issue requires students to change their mentality and actively seeking ways to avoid it. Possible New Directions: The plagiarism prevention methods discussed in this report i.e. moralistic, disciplinary and software based, all have their shortcomings. So new innovative approaches may be used to counter plagiarism: Use of Technology by Students: First of all students themselves should be able to detect plagiarism instead of their instructors, this will give them an idea of how much they have unintentionally copied, so that they can refine their work and do plagiarism check again and again until the software clears them out. This method saves the students the embarrassment of unintentional plagiarism. Another way is to develop software that can catch the rephrasing that is done by the students to prevent plagiarism. Control to instructor: Instead of depending on future technologies, we can use an approach which is practical, the procedures of officially dealing with plagiarism are very cumbersome so instead, the student shall be given a chance to convince the instructor that he has learnt the meaning of the thing, hence the goal has been achieved. This can be done by conducting an exam of some sort by assessor and see whether the student has really learned something or not. But this scheme only works within certain courses, for publications and research work there is zero tolerance for any kind of plagiarism. Conclusion: Well, by analyzing the definitions of plagiarism, the attitude of education sector toward it, the current ways of educating students about plagiarism and the consensus that offending students should be punished, explained in this report. We conclude that Plagiarism is a serious issue and needs to be addressed. But the problem cannot be solved by increasing the use of machine based plagiarism detection software only or using even more strict policies, but by educating all the involved parties and by using balanced combination of software and human based solutions.

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. Even at an early age, Alexander had the promise to become a great leader. Through all his victories and conquests, he has become a great hero and has had a large impact on history. That is why I chose he book Alexander the Great, by J.R. Hamilton for my review. Hamilton does a very good job with the story of Alexander the Great.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book begins by talking about the Macedonian homeland and the make up of the people, their culture. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia he was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus. After discussing his parents and their relationship, Hamilton talks about how Aristotle was Alexander's tutor from age 13 to 16 and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy. The book then talks about how well prepared Alexander was to take over the throne. Then, in the summer of 336 BC Philip was assassinated, and Alexander took over the Macedonian throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamilton does a very good and descriptive job of how Alexander soon showed his power when the large city of Thebes revolted in 335. Alexander stormed the city with mighty force and took 30,000 people as slaves. An important point the book discussesnext is when Alexander begins...

Should Guardians Be Allowed to Refuse Children the Mmr Vaccine

Case Study: Should guardians be given the right to refuse the MMR vaccine? October 17, 2012 Case Study: Should guardians be given the right to refuse the MMR vaccine? When one attempts to differentiate between what would be considered a good or bad action it involves many unique factors. Several philosophers have come up with different theories in order to analyze how we could potentially make what would be considered the â€Å"best† decision. Some decisions are easier to evaluate as the better choice where as some would come into conflict with ethics and morals.Looking at the case study at hand, which talks about whether or not a guardian has the ethical right to refuse the MMR vaccination for their child, and using two theories known as Act Utilitarianism and Ethical Pluralism, one can prove that it is not ethically permissible for a guardian to refuse the MMR vaccine for their child and contribute to the spread of measles. The first theory that one can use to analyze the ca se study is Act Utilitarianism. The theory of Act Utilitarianism determines whether an action can be considered right or wrong based on the consequential outcome.It also focuses on the fact that an act is right only if it results in maximizing utility in comparison to disutility. In context to the case study questioning whether childhood MMR vaccinations should be compulsory or not, a good act utilitarian would prove that it is in fact not ethically permissible for a guardian to refuse the MMR vaccine that prevents the spread of measles for their child. A good act utilitarian would state that a guardian refusing the MMR vaccine for their child only maximizes disutility for society in both the short and long term spectrum and this goes against the goals of act utilitarianism.By refusing the MMR vaccine for their children, parents or guardians are maximizing disutility by promoting the spread of measles which is a contagious and extremely harmful disease and their child not only has a high risk of catching measles; which could result in either being severely ill or even death, but also has a high chance of spreading the disease once he or she catches it to others who have not received the vaccine either. This has already occurred in the past, â€Å"by the end of April 2000, though, doctors and the hospital had seen 313 children and babies with the disease, with 8 needing intensive care. This is proof that disutility was already maximized when parents and guardians prevented their children from receiving the vaccine and resulted in illness that could have been prevented. The case study suggested that most of the severe illnesses and/or deaths were in babies that were too young to receive the vaccination and the reason they caught measles was because the older children that transferred it down to them had not been immunized.This type of spread of disease is inconsistent with maximizing utility in a society therefore an act utilitarian would go against it. In the case study, since several doctors retracted their claims that the MMR vaccine is connected to Autism and bowel disorders and studies have now shown that there is in fact no connection between the two, then receiving the vaccine would do nothing but maximize utility within a society and there should be no reason for guardians to refuse their child the MMR vaccine.The vaccine was developed in order to maximize utility in two ways, in the short term; to prevent this generation from suffering from measles and stopping them from functioning usefully in their daily lives, as well as in the long term to ensure that the disease isn’t spread throughout generations as people start forgetting how severe the illness actually is and thinks that the vaccine is either dangerous through false media advertising or unnecessary. The vaccine benefits everyone by preventing people from suffering bad consequences that result from the spread of measles.An Act Utilitarian also promotes the concept o f autonomy that in relevance to this case study would require the child to decide for himself/herself if they would like to receive the vaccination, however in this case it is like making the best of a bad situation where we are â€Å"damned if we do or damned if we don’t† and a person cant have it both ways. In this context making the best of this situation is to realize that having the vaccination will only benefit you and a mass number of other people and this maximizing of utility trumps the concept of autonomy. The second theory that one can use to evaluate the case study at hand isEthical Pluralism. Ethical Pluralism is a form of deontology ethics and was produced by Ross. It states that Utilitarian theories failed to see the importance of relationships as well as simplified them when determining what the right course of action would be. Ethical pluralism argues that we have certain moral obligations or prima facie duties that have to be accounted for when choosi ng the right action. These are duties that must be fulfilled regardless of any circumstances unless it is in conflict with another duty and then best judgment should be used.In relation to the case study, ethical pluralists would however agree with Act Utilitarian’s decision stating that it is not ethically permissible for guardians or parents to refuse the MMR vaccine for their children. Ethical Pluralists would say that parents and/or guardians do not have the right to refuse the MMR vaccine because of particular prima facie duties or moral obligations that they have to both their children and society. Their decision can be backed up by many of the prima facie duties we have such but two in particular will be analyzed in regards to the case study.The first prima facie duty that ethical pluralists would state defending the idea that guardians should not be allowed to refuse the vaccine for their children is the duty to improve the condition of others; duties of beneficence. By refusing guardians the right to not give their children the MMR vaccine, people are improving the conditions of others through avoiding the spread of measles that could cause a person to become severely ill as well as improving the condition of their own child since the vaccine prevents them from attaining the disease.If guardians did in fact have the right to refuse the vaccine, then a spread of measles would occur impairing the lives of many. In a way it is our moral duty to have the vaccine and prevent measles from transferring to other people and worsening their lives. The second prima facie duty that defends this concept is the duty of non-malificence. Society has the moral duty to not cause harm to others. If guardians had the right to refuse the vaccine then the only thing it would result in, is harm. Harm to the child who now has a chance to suffer from this serious disease as well as harm to society from the transference and spread of it.It weakens the lives of individua ls and to some extent can even cause death and ethical pluralists would argue that it is our prima facie duty to prevent this harm from occurring in the first place. Analyzing the case study from an Act Utilitarian and Ethical Pluralist perspective to determine whether or not guardians have the right of refusal, one can see that even though Ross developed ethical pluralism as a response to the absence of moral relationships in utilitarianism theories, both perspectives based on different criteria respond to this ethical issue in the same way.The result is that the guardian of the child should not permit the refusal of the MMR vaccine as doing so would result in both disutility and immoral conduct. Works Cited Thomas, J. , and W. Waluchow. Well and Good. 3rd ed. Broadview, 2002. Print. BBC News. 2000. Measles Outbreak Feared. May 30. Available online at http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/health/769381. stm McBrien, J. , J. Murphy, D. Gill, M. Cronin, C. O'Donovan, M. T. Cafferkey. 2003 Ju ly. Measles outbreak in Dublin.Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 22(7): 579. The Department of Health, Social Services, and Public Safety. 2002, April 26. News Release: Measles can kill. MMR vaccine is safe and vital for children's health. Word Count: 1276 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. BBC News. 2000. Measles Outbreak Feared. May 30. Available online at http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/health/769381. stm [ 2 ]. BBC News. 2000. Measles Outbreak Feared. May 30. Available online at http://news. bbc. co. k/1/hi/health/769381. stm [ 3 ]. BBC News. 2000. Measles Outbreak Feared. May 30. Available online at http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/health/769381. stm [ 4 ]. Thomas, J. , and W. Waluchow. Well and Good. 3rd ed. Broadview, 2002. Print. Pg. 19 [ 5 ]. Thomas, J. , and W. Waluchow. Well and Good. 3rd ed. Broadview, 2002. Print. Pg. 34 [ 6 ]. Thomas, J. , and W. Waluchow. Well and Good. 3rd ed. Broadview, 2002. Print. Pg. 35 [ 7 ]. Thomas, J. , and W. Waluchow. Well and Good. 3rd ed. Broadview, 2002. Print. Pg. 35

The History Of Unemployment During Recession Economics Essay

IntroductionThe unemployment rate is one of the cardinal variables that policy shapers are interested in. There are different causes of unemployment and it is really hard for authoritiess to find which causes are most of import and how to cover with Te and causes an inward displacement in the labour demand curve ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . In figure 3, the negative supply daze causes a autumn in the labor market equilibrium from point A to B. At the new equilibrium both existent pay and employment degree falls. This graph besides reflects the effects of oil monetary value daze on the labor market. -Supply Side Factors During recession both concerns and persons tend to retrench their economic belts and this causes negative effects on the degree of production and accordingly demands for labour lessening. Therefore, during recession unemployment turns out to be one of the major jobs on both authorities and society. Some of the unemployment during recession base on supply-side factors like personal movable accomplishments, job-seeker research channel, occupational mobility ( occupation accomplishments ) , and geographical mobility ( Adams et al. , 2000 ) . For illustration ; in UK, economic construction is turning to service based from fabricating based economic system ( Parkin, 2012 ) . The chief ground of this structural alteration is globalization and international trade understandings. Harmonizing to Parkin ( 2012 ) , UK has wholly lost its cost advantages in fabricating goods since the cost of production is much cheaper in Eastern Europe states. Structural alterations lead primary and secondary s ector workers lose their occupations and many of them can non happen new occupations since they do n't hold necessary accomplishments for working in service sectors such as fiscal service establishments and information engineering. However, even when economic system is runing at full capacity, there is some unemployment that causes by the supply side factors. This is by and large known as the natural rate of unemployment or equilibrium unemployment ( Blink and Dorton, 2007 ) . The natural rate of unemployment exists when the labor market is in equilibrium ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . In figure 4, the entire labour force ( TLF ) in an economic system and aggregative supply of labor ( ASL ) , which stands for the figure of people who are willing to work at every given pay rate, are presented. The difference between points â€Å" a † and â€Å" B † is natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is the combination of frictional and structural unemployment ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . Frictional unemployment occurs when employees leave their occupations for happening more suited occupation chances in order to fulfill their calling and income outlooks ( Parkin, 2012 ) . While employees are se eking for new occupations, there is ever some frictional unemployment in the economic system. The hapless occupation information may leathem. The two chief types of causes of unemployment can be split as demand-sided and supply-sided. The unemployment has both economic and noneconomic costs ( McConnell and Brue, 2005 ) . The economic costs of unemployment are ; ( I ) lessening in income and end product that is measured in footings of the GNP spread and, ( two ) load of unemployment is non distributed every bit among employees particularly during recession periods ( Petroff, 2002 ) . On the other manus, loss of assurance, societal and political struggles can be counted as some of the noneconomic costs of unemployment ( McConnell and Brue, 2005 ) . Therefore, it is of import to analyze causes and results of unemployment particularly during recession period.Unemployment during RecessionSince Industrial Revolution, the full universe economic system has gained a impulse. This impulse has led to economic enlargement an addition in quality of life. However, this impulse has n't shown continuity. States have experienced many ups and downs in their economic activities since they industrialized. These up and down motions in economic activities or in production degree are known as concern or economic rhythm ( Parkin, 2012 ; Abel et al. , 2008 ) . There are two chief periods of the concern rhythm ( Parkin, 2012 ) ; enlargement and recession. An enlargement is a period which represents an addition in the economic activities and production degree of an economy/country ( Burda and Wyplosz, 2001 ) . Contrary, recession is an drawn-out clip period when the economic activities and gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) of a state are decelerating or falling down ( Abel et al, 2008 ; Harris, 2002 ) . These activities are including degree of employment, investings, household income, concern net incomes and rising prices rate. In a concern or economic rhythm, recession occurs between extremum and trough points. It is besides known as a concern rhythm contraction. This is represented in the Figure 1. -Causes of Recession: Negative Demand and Supply Shocks Harmonizing to Abel et Al. ( 2008 ) , two chief causes of economic recession are negative aggregative demand daze ( ADS ) and negative sum supply daze ( ASS ) . A negative ADS is a sudden event that decreases the aggregative demand in an economic system ( Burda and Wyplosz, 2001 ) . There are several grounds for this type of negative daze. It by and large occurs because of tight financial and pecuniary policies ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . Government sets high revenue enhancements and reduces authorities expenditures to diminish the inflationary force per unit areas. On the other manus, these policies can do a autumn in the aggregative demand and as a consequence economic recession takes topographic point. The recession that United Kingdom ( UK ) experienced during 1980-81 was caused by tight financial and pecuniary policies ( Pettinger, 2012 ) . There were high revenue enhancement rates, low authorities outgo, and high involvement rates for cut downing disbursement, ingestion and invest ing. The UK authorities was applied these tight policies for cut downing the inflationary force per unit areas which was formed in the late of 1980 ‘s. Inflation had fallen but the cost of these policies was the economic recession. Classical economic experts suggest that the negative ADS do non do continued fluctuations in end product degree ( Burda and Wyplosz, 2001 ) . However, they view that a negative ASS is a major ground behind the critical alterations in end product and employment degree ( Burda and Wyplosz, 2001 ) . A negative supply daze or a negative production daze is an unexpected event that decreases the aggregative supply in an economy/country ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . A negative ASS causes an inward displacement in the long tally sum supply ( LRAS ) curve of an economic system ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . In figure 2, there is an inward displacement in the LRAS curve because of a negative supply daze. It is cut downing full-employment end product from Q1 to Q2 and increase the monetary value degree from P1 to P2. This alteration in the monetary value degree represents that a negative supply daze causes monetary values to lift during the recession. Some of the existent universe illustrations of negative supply dazes are ; alterations in conditions, such as an unexpected cold conditions ; alterations in the construction of industries, such as meeting of two or more dominant companies ( Abel et al. , 2008 ) . Sometimes, the dominant providers join together for increasing their market power. By this manner, they can curtail supply and put higher monetary values for doing more net income. The existent universe contemplation of this happened in 1970 ‘s by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) where members were imposed an oil trade stoppage and so increased oil mo netary values. When the oil monetary values rise, houses began to bring forth less since the cost of production was increase independently from aggregative demand. During oil monetary value daze, labour demand, employment and existent pay rate had fallen ( Carlstrom and Fuerst, 2006 ) . A negative supply daze reduces the measure of labor demanded at any given existent pay rad this seeking procedure to take longer than what the employees expected and accordingly employees may lose their motives for happening new occupations. Unemployment benefits are besides a factor that affect the inducement to non to work. Besides, structural unemployment occurs when the construction or production methods of an industry are changed in order to maintain gait with alterations in consumers ‘ gustatory sensations and new production techniques ( Sloman, 2004 ) . Structural unemployment is by and large known as the long-run unemployment since workers must retrain or they may hold to relocate for remaining at their current occupations or happening new occupations ( Parkin, 2012 ) . On the other manus, the fiscal and mental costs of retraining and resettlement lead structural unemployment that contains geographical and occupational stationariness. Housing monetary values are one of the most of import fiscal jobs that cause geographical stationariness. For illustration ; in London, the active capital metropolis life creates more occupation chances than in the North of England, but lodging monetary values and rents are much more expensive than in the North of England. So, some workers may prefer to take un employment benefits and remaining at their vicinities instead than paying high rents or purchasing expensive houses in London. This causes geographical stationariness. An addition in unemployment rate besides increases the load of the authorities. High unemployment means an addition in the entire sum of unemployment benefits that authoritiess have to pay. As a consequence of an addition in unemployment rate, authorities ‘s grosss fall. So, it causes budget shortages. In order to diminish the rate of unemployment, authorities may utilize both supply-side and demand-side policies. The chief purpose of the supply-side constabularies is to do labour force more antiphonal and flexible against the alterations in occupation chances ( Sloman, 2004 ) . However, if there is deficiency of aggregative demand, supply-side policies can be uneffective. Therefore, for accomplishing more effectual consequences authorities can back up supply-side policies by utilizing demand-side policies every bit good as financial and pecuniary policies.DecisionIn recent old ages, recession become one of the major jobs that the full universe economic systems encountered. It is inevitable for authoritiess to take certain steps to find the causes of economic downswing. It can be caused by demand side or provide side dazes. During the recession, unemployment becomes one of the serious jobs because of low degrees of ingestion, demand and investing ( Pettinger, 2011 ) . However, unemployment exists even when economic system is runing at full capacity. Unemployment ne'er becomes zero because of supply-side factors, like ; personal movable accomplishments, job-seeker research channel, occupational mobility ( occupation accomplishments ) , and geographical mobility ( Adams et al. , 2000 ) . Structural and frictional unemployment are unemployment types that cause by supply side factors. There are monolithic research attempts to happen out causes of unemployment and how to cover with it. The long permanent effects of unemployment make it an of import job for all economic systems and authoritiess that encourage authoritiess to seek to happen solutions for it sinc e it has economic, societal and political effects.

Games for Young Learners

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Many researches stated that learning a language is better started from early age because in this stage the children will be easier to acquire the language, sooner they start learning, more proficient they will be in using the language. Therefore, presently, English is introduced starting from kindergarten and becomes one lesson subject that must be taken in elementary school based on government’s rule in Indonesia. In this level, the children are usually called by young learners. Young learners are those who just start the formal school until they are in eleven or twelve years old.Teaching English for young learner is not easy task as it is seen because children are interested in fun activity rather than listening to the teacher who talk in front of the class explaining something that they do not understand. What usually happened in the classroom is that teacher gives so much speech in front of the class and explains many theories and concepts of the lan guage that the children do not understand about. Because of this reason, the children will start to get bored and play with their friends and make chaos.Then, the teacher will surrender of facing chaos in the classroom and get angry until then scold to the children that will make them feel afraid to study. It is not purely children mistake, but it is happened because teacher does not know how to manage the class and keep the children’s attention. The teacher should remember that young learners are different from an adult. They are not interested in studying since they do not have motivation from learning yet. They are interested in game, story, tale, song, and other fun activities.In this case, the teacher should be able to manage the class as fun as possible and find an enjoyable ways to teaching the language naturally. It can be done by designing an activity that takes their attention. Playing such kind of games could be a best way to get the children’s attention. Ga mes are closed to children world and through these children can learn the language naturally since these activities will make them involve into the learning process. It means that they learn directly through listening, watching making interaction, and also moving around. Children learn from an authentic material.This paper will show how games can be an effective tool for learning activity. Through this paper, the writer expects that teacher can understand how game can bring many benefits if it is implemented in language learning classroom. CHAPTER II CONTENT 1. Games for Teaching Young Learners Children like playing games since it allow them to have fun and move around the class. They could involve in the games naturally since it is their world. Children could learn through playing and in playing they could interact and develop the language skills through communication.Games also make a wonderful atmosphere in the classroom. Some researchers said that games could improve childrenâ⠂¬â„¢s learning and can be an effective tool for teaching the language. Besides that, games could be highly motivating since games give competition and also challenge for them. Further, in playing the games they could use the language in real context that would make them have strong memory since games make children use the language instead of thinking about the forms and concepts of the language.Wells (1981) stated that â€Å"in working on first language acquisition, found clear evidence that a child who has a lot of opportunities for negotiating meaning – for making sure that he/she has properly understood what is being said develops language skills more rapidly than a child who does not. Games  can create these opportunities in the foreign language classroom by setting out situations where children urgently need and want to communicate in order to have a turn at playing, to point out the rules, to challenge another player and so on†. Games could cover many language skills.Through games, children can use the language directly, they also listen to the other in other to finish the games. Besides that, language aspects, such as grammar, vocabulary and etc, could be involved in the games. It is based on the teacher’s imagination, creativity, and sensitivity to make the games become useful tool for learning. 2. The Advantages of Games for Teaching Young Learners There are some advantages of using  games as classroom activity, they are: a. Games  could decrease anxiety of learning a new language and it will make the language transfer going smoothly.The children would not feel that they are under pressure. They learn the language in a good and relax atmosphere. In a good, relaxed atmosphere which is created, children would remember things faster, easier and better. b. Games are highly motivating and entertaining. In order words, games bring more fun into the classroom and could give motivation to students since games contain a challenge. c . Games give them new experience of using foreign language that would not available during regular language learning classroom. . Games involve all learners to participate. It means that silent students are also invited to participate and give their contribution in playing the game sp all students have the same opportunity to practice and use the language. e. Furthermore, games give different atmosphere to the classroom activities, break the ice and also can be used to introduce new ideas. According to (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com), there are some reasons of using games for language learning, they are: The first reason why games are so useful is that games make learning fun, children have willingness to participate and are not just present in class because they have to be. Students pay more attention because when they enjoy themselves, they do better, feel better about themselves, and do even better – it is a learning cycle working in their favor. (Vernon, www. tea chingenglishgames. com) †¢ Next reason is playing a game has a purpose and an outcome. In order to play, students have to say things. Therefore, they have a reason to communicate and this makes them want to know and learn more.In addition to this, games stimulate and motivate children to a new level. They know that if they do not pay attention, they will not be able to play the game well and they will let their team down so they make more effort to join in and learn as much as possible. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ The proverb ‘repetition is the mother of skill’ becomes very meaningful during the games in children’s language class as students get to use the language all the time with a lot of repetition. Although repetition is boring in some cases, during games it is fun for children.Also because of the fun involved in the game a massive amount of vocabulary and grammar can be revised in a short time because it is very difficult for learn ers to remember vocabulary if they never use it. Furthermore, the physical movement involved in some of the games also helps keep children stimulated and alert. Children naturally have a lot of energy and are not good at attending formal lessons for long periods, and so if they participate in a game involving physical movements from time to time, they will never get impatient and bored.Most importantly, the philosophy of encouragement incorporated into these games increases confidence in all students. Usually this does not just mean they get better at only English, but in all subjects in school. This in turn makes the teachers more motivated and optimistic, and they can really make a difference in their lessons. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ Apart from all this, language games like any other games involve learners in a healthy competition that can help them learn more. â€Å"As long as no one is forced to participate, competition can be positive and encourage pla yer discovery, examination and learning. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) †¢ Thus, creating the right type of language games can foster this healthy, beneficial competition in the classroom. Finally language games create a bond between the teacher and their students, which is fulfilling for the teacher and students alike. In short, if used properly by the teacher, games are excellent ways whereby children have fun and at the same time acquire a language. (Vernon, www. teachingenglishgames. com) 3. How to Use Games for Teaching In using games for language learning, there are something that should be considered by the teacher they are: . Make sure that the  games  that are going to be used have educational purpose. There is no point in playing a game just for the sake of playing a game. Teacher needs to ensure that all  games  have some sort of teaching  element to it and already modify based on the syllabus’ purpose. For example, the popular game, Ã¢â‚¬Ë œSimon Says’ can help listening skills, the students need to listen for the word ‘Simon’ and the action of the word. Word bingo games also can help the students recognize any new words. b. Considering the level of the students.Teacher needs to  use  games  that are not only good for learning  English  but also games that challenging the students in some way. A game that is too easy for the students will have little educational value and the students will become very bored. c. Choosing games based on the age of students. Chose a game that is appropriate for the age of the students when  teaching. Games  that adults find fun will not usually be fun for children and vice versa. d. Don’t let the children choose the game! If you ask the students to play a game that they know. Children tend choose a game with no educational value.You can always add educational value to your  games  by insisting the loser answers a question, spells a word, etc. Ensure that your game is teaching  at the same time as having fun e. Teacher should have an effort to vary the games. Students of all ages and ability will get bored if you keep doing the same thing over and over again, this also applies when playing games  for  teaching  English to young learners. Many games can be downloaded free from many sources in the internet. In implementing games in the classroom, teacher should be able to give the children clear instruction about how to play the games.It is better to give them direct example rather than give long explanation that might make them feel confused. And also, although games are fun, using games for long period also can make the children feel bored since they repeat the same activity for long period. The teacher should be creative in managing the class so everything could go smoothly. CHAPTER III CLOSURE After all, we can conclude that games as a teaching activity is not just a warm up and icebreaker activity but it can be the main activity in the learning process.Besides that, using games in the classroom activity can make an affective learning atmosphere because it gives many advantages for the language learning, such as: creating a good atmosphere, learning process will be fun and cheerful because the class will be live up, etc. Games also will decrease the chaos that may be faced by the teacher. Besides that, Games create contextual learning for the students. Games that are made for learning activity is not simple as it seem since it need some consideration for making it appropriates to be used as the main activity in the classroom.REFERENCES Ara, Shaheen. (2009). Use of Songs, Rhymes and Games in Teaching English to Young Learners in Bangladesh. Journal of Linguistics 2,3: 161-172 How to teach English using games. (n. d. ). Retrived December 11, 2011, from   http://factoidz. com/how-to-teach-english-using-games/ Yolageldili, Gulin & Arikan, Arda. (2011). Effectiveness of Using Games in Teachin g Grammar to Young Learners. Elementary Education Online 10,1: 219-229 Vernon, S. A. Benefits of using games in the classroom. Retrieved on December 20, 2009, from www. teachingenglishgames. com