A Summary Ion Channels In The NerveCell free essay sample

A Drumhead: Ion Channelss In The Nerve-Cell Membrane Essay, Research Paper A Drumhead: Ion Channelss in the Nerve-Cell Membrane In this article, Richard D. Keynes inside informations the workings of ion channels in nervus cell membranes. Nerve urges ( action potencies ) are the unit by which information travels in an being? s nervous system, and the coevals of this action potency is dependent on the nervus membrane being permeable to ions which in bend makes said membrane excitable. Electrical activity of a nervus is triggered by a depolarisation across the membrane and this besides causes the Na channels to open and let Na ions to flux inward due the electrochemical gradient. Finally, the membrane potency falls to zero, the Na channels near, and K channels open leting K ions back in to the cell therefore reconstructing the resting potency. It is this exchange of ions that provided the immediate energy for the extension of a nervus urge. We will write a custom essay sample on A Summary Ion Channels In The NerveCell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The experimental technique that illustrated the different activities and timing of the gap and shutting of Na and K channels was the usage of voltage-clamps. Voltage-clamps allowed research workers to keep an axon at a preset membrane potency and observe the behaviour of the ion channels at those degrees. Voltage-clamping has besides been employed in the survey of the selectivity of ion channels. Bertil Hille collected grounds of four energy barriers in a Na channel that prevent other ions from go throughing through and merely let one Na ion through at a clip. The highest of these barriers consequences from the fact that Na ions readily lose their stabilizing H2O molecules when they interact with the ionised carboxylic acid groups in the channel wall and are therefore able to go through through the channel. On the other manus, the larger K ions do non interact right with the carboxylic acid group and hence can non overcome the energy barrier to go through through. Hille besides proposed that the negatively charged and conformational belongingss of the molecules in the Na channel besides contribute to its selectivity. Two of import tools in the survey of Na channels and their voltage-sensitive gating mechanism have been the nervus toxicants, tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. These two toxins bind specifically to sodium channels and efficaciously barricade them. Because merely one molecule of each toxin binds to each Na channel, these toxins were used in a bio-assay to number the figure of Na channels on the membrane of an axon. Consequences proved that little axons have the fewer Na channels per square micron than big axons. This consequence besides satisfied old computations of how many channels would be necessary to obtain the maximal conductivity speed in a 500 micron axon. Tetro dotoxin has besides been tremendously valuable in the survey of ionic gating. The mechanism that controls the gap and shutting of ion channels involves the motion of charged atoms that result in a little charge supplanting. However since this gating Ayele, 2 current is so much smaller that the ionic current through the channel, it was about impossible to mensurate. Tetrodotoxin enables this measuring by barricading the Na channels ( K ions are besides blocked in this experiment ) and halting the ionic current, while still leting the gap and shutting of the Na channels. Using this technique, the gating current was found to lift and so fall to zero when the ( about ) three or four charged atoms reached their new constellation. The mechanism that closes the Na channels was found to be electrically soundless. Sodium channels appear to hold three operational provinces. They are either at remainder, carry oning, or inactivated. The molecular theoretical account of a Na channel has non yet been described nevertheless. This is due the many complexnesss of the channel including its complex dynamicss, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic proteins, that make analysing the channel molecules hard. Potassium channels, while merely every bit of import as Na channels, are even more hard to analyze. This is due the fact that there is no parallel of tetradotoxin for K channels, and because their gap has a 10 2nd hold, and is much slower than that of Na channels. This makes gating current measurings about impossible to obtain. However, some surveies on electrical noise have provided the estimation that there is possibly one K channel for every 10 Na channels in an axon? s membrane. There are three types of currents described in the article: ionic current, gating current, and displacement current. Ionic current is the step of the charge flow that consequences from the motion of ions ( Na and K ) through ion channels in the cell membrane, and involves 100 Na ions in one nervus urge. The gating current is much smaller than the ion current, it merely involves the transportation of about four electronic charges, and it is the step of the gating atoms as they move to their? open? constellation. The gating current is induced by depolarisation of the nervus cell. The displacement current in a nervus cell is composed largely of the gating current but is besides partially due to the, ? bear downing and discharging of the big inactive capacity of the membrane. ? This current is recorded when the potency of a voltage-clamped cell is all of a sudden altered with a pulsation. By comparing the displacement current values ensuing from hyperpolarizing and depolarising pulsation s, the gating current can be deducted from the entire displacement current.

analysis of ethan frome essays

analysis of ethan frome essays Ethan Frome is a story of ill-fated love, set during the winter in the rural New England town of Starkfield. Ethan is a farmer who is married to a sickly woman named Zeena. The two live in trapped, unspoken resentment on Ethan's isolated and failing farm. Ethan has been caring for his wife for six years now. Due to Zeena's numerous ailments they employ her cousin, the animated Mattie Silver, to help in the house. With Mattie's youthful presence and attitude in the house, Ethans bitterness of his youth's lost opportunities and the dissatisfaction with his life and empty marriage are reawaken. This resentment leads to Ethan and Mattie in turn, falling in love. However, they never follow their love due to Ethan's morals and the respect he has for his marriage to Zeena. Ethan eagerly awaits the nights when he is able to walk Mattie home from the town dances. He cherishes the ground she walks on and would do anything for her. After a visit to the doctor, Zeena is told that she needs more appreciable hired help. Thus, she decides to send her incompetent cousin away and hire a new one. Ethan and Mattie are desperate to stay together. However, Ethan's lack of financial means and Zeenas health are the deciding factors that will never allow him to leave Starkfield to be with his love. When the two are unable to find any plausible solutions to this issue, Ethan and Mattie decide to commit suicide by sledding into a tree. They figure it is the only way they can be together. The attempt fails, and the two are left paralyzed. Now Ethan's wife must care for the two for the rest of their lives. There were many themes found in Ethan Frome, but the greatest of them all is loneliness and isolation. In college Ethan acquired the nickname "Old Stiff" because he rarely went out with the boys. Once he returned to the farm to care for his parents, he couldn't go out wi ...

Allied strategy in WWII for campaign on mainland Italy Essay

Allied strategy in WWII for campaign on mainland Italy - Essay Example We are raising a generation of young people who are historically illiterate to a large degree. Everything we have--our institutions, our material advantages, our laws, our freedom, not to say our poetry...music and...architecture--all comes to us from people who went before us. And to not know anything about them, to be indifferent to them, which is even worse than being ignorant...is...really...mass ingratitude1. The allied invasion of mainland Italy began in September 1943. General Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group was responsible for starting this invasion. The first step was invasion of Sicily. This was completed successfully during the campaign. How did it all start After the defeat in North Africa, the differences between the axis powers began to grow. The next strategic step of the allied forces was now not clear. Winston Churchill said the next step should be to invade Italy. He wanted to remove the influence of Regia Marina on Italy. The invasion of Italy would open the routes for the allied forces to enter the Mediterranean. The entrance in the Mediterranean was important as later on it could give way to the allied forces to enter Middle East and Far East. Another important reason for this was the increase in supply from America and Britain. This invasion would also help stop Germans who were planning to execute operation Overload. Operation overload was about invading Normandy. General George Marshall was against this operation. He did not want to delay the operation overload in any circumstances. However, when no solution could be made and differences started to grow, it was planned that first Sicily should be invaded . Joint Allied Forces Headquarters AFHQ planned out all of this operation. They ordered the invasion of Sicily and the Italian mainland. Operation Husky, or in other words the invasion of Sicily began in July 1943. It was a very successful operation. Many of the allied forces escaped to the mainland Italy. Benito Mussolini was overthrown by a rebellion. He was the head of the Italian government. The actions were quick and swift. They thought that Italy would surrender if a quick invasion is done. However, they did not know that Italians and Germans together will be very strong. Even after Berlin was invaded, the Italians put up really good. The allied forces were now in a difficult position. They now had to provide food and other supplies to the troops in Italy. Germany was putting up resistance too. In fact it was because of the Germans that the Italians felt so strong. Even though Germans whole economy was at war too, they were putting up a lot of resistance. According to Milward "here was little that was new and less that was orderly in the New Order"3.Solely in economic terms, the new German Empire in Europe would have been a large-scale structure organized for, and run on the principles of, a colonialism of the crudest kind. Germany's economic policy toward occupied countries can in essence be summed up in two terms: exploitation and colonization. "Anti-Semitism as a political movement neither can nor should be based on fleeting emotions, but on the acceptance of

Local Cycling strategy and promotion Assignment

Local Cycling strategy and promotion - Assignment Example Local Cycling strategy and promotion: The former strategy is focused on developing a transportation system that is balanced and safe for bicycles as well. This plan includes the strategies for next 30 years. The later strategy is focused on promoting and establishing the fact that bicycles are safe, popular and accepted transportation and recreational mode. Components of Perth Bicycle Network: The two main local transport networks that come under the jurisdiction of PBN are: 1) Local bicycle routes 2) Principal transport routes Local bicycle routes: This concept is focused on making every street reasonable and safe for bicycle which includes linking quite residential streets by making them safer, attractive and continuous for longer journeys too. The routes developed under the local strategy should have proper pavement markings which do not require the cyclists to hold a map along for navigational guidance. These routes require low cost for implementation and have higher usage. Principle transport routes: This route is dual and of high standard as it includes full separation with lighting in order to ensure safe journey for users. It offers comprehensive and high safety to cyclists as it provides complete separation from motor traffic due to high standard of designing. These routes are generally found in freeway reserves and suburban railway. Although under this strategy, the existing paths and roads network has been improved but there are still some deficiencies. These problems are due to lack of maintenance generally. The hindrance in this strategy and its implementation is due to the development of facilities that are unsuitable to the cycling network development. Following are the problems that require immediate action: 1) Traffic calming leads to the squeeze points 2) Lack of maintenance 3) Kerb ramps of unfriendly nature 4) Traffic signals with unresponsive sensors 5) Dangerous and rough drainage grates 6) hindrance in the use of dual paths 7) spills on the road 8) green routes unsafe due to changes 9) design problems of underpasses and bridges All these issues need consultations with local government and development of different projects would be required for countering these issues (Garrard and Rissel, 2006). Implementation of the network: This is the stage which is focused on developing the route continuity by su ccessive upgrading in the next two stages. Stage one will offer the continuous bicycle routes for allowing access throughout the network by ensuring safety. The second stage will provide increased safety and service level along with enhancing the network. The third and final stage will focus on developing ultimate network by considering and eliminating issues like grade-separation, generic issues, parking facilities, cycle lockers and expansion. Bike Ahead: Bicycle Strategy for the 21st Century (Western Australia) Cycling is increasingly becoming an essential transportation mode in Western Australia. Cycling no more is considered a recreational activity but an alternative for people who cannot drive or own a motor vehicle. The basic document, Metropolitan Transport Strategy (1995), focuses on the importance of alternatives to motor car. Bike Ahead on the other hand suggests several actions required to prove the importance of cycle by ensuring that people would have access to high li ver of services, goods and activities without sacrificing the environment. Perth Bikeplan of 1985 had

DISNEYLAND IN QATAR Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

DISNEYLAND IN QATAR - Case Study Example Market segmentation and target market have been analyzed as part of market analysis. These will form the basis for the development of positioning strategies that are necessary for the appropriate marketing mix to be achieved. The 4ps, which represents Product, Place, Price and Promotion, have been discussed as part of the marketing mix that will be significant for the theme park to establish a unique position in the Qatari market. The strategic fit between the company’s capabilities, resources and the opportunity has been discussed. These are indicators of competitiveness that justify the need for expansion in to the Qatari market. The implementation plan highlights the chronology of events that will lead to the establishment of a fully functional theme park in Qatar. It has been included in the marketing plan as a significant lead to the implementation of proposed activities to accomplish particular objectives over a particular period of time. Each activity corresponds to an objective and output. The implementation plan indicates that establishment and functioning of the theme park will take a period of 14 months. The control strategies that will be employed have been highlighted. These are the actions that the management will be involved in to ensure that the objectives are accomplished according to the implementation plan. Introduction... Disneyland will establish a 500 hectare park with 10 divisions offering different entertainment activities including horse rides, music, live plays, video and wildlife viewing as well as nature trails. This marketing plan aims at maintaining annual revenue of $3 billion. This will be equivalent to 30% of all revenue generated by all five existing Disney’s theme parks in 2011 (White, 2004). Objectives 1. Maintaining 24 hour services during peak season to maintain high sales 2. Increasing the time customers spend in the park through offering half day free for every two days spent at Disneyland during off-peak 3. Promoting institutional visitation by offering special cost reduction during off-peak 4. Encouraging visitation by locals through discounts 5. Establish customer relation management (CRM) to enable the management to keep in touch with clients 6. To increase income by taking advantage of increased number of customers and tourists as a result of Qatar being the host for FI FA Word Cup in 2022 Mission The overall mission of the organization is to maintain leadership among the global providers of entertainment, and more specifically to establish an ultra modern theme park that will outshine any other theme park in the Qatari entertainment industry. The new theme park in Qatar will offer customer focused services to ensure that people get the best value for their money. Market Analysis Market Segmentation Market segmentation has been an important tool for the success of Disneyland theme parks. It involves division of the market in to various segments that consist of groups of consumers with common characteristics. This practice allows the management to know the

ABCDE Approach for Critically Ill Patients

ABCDE Approach for Critically Ill Patients The topic I have chosen for my vignette is a patient with chest pain. The Resuscitation Council (UK 2006) recommends that clinical staff should follow the ABCDE approach when assessing and treating critically ill patients. This will help to identify the deterioration of critically ill patients.With this in mind, it is important that patients presenting with cardiovascular conditions are promptly assessed and treated. Here I am following an ABCDE assessment on a patient with chest pain. The 58-year-old (anonymous) male patient admitted with chest pain, 8hours after the onset of the symptoms. Initially patient was thinking it is heartburn and been taken gaviscon and paracetamol. As I went to see the patient, I introduced myself and checked identity by asking the name.Patient is able to communicate.This incates that the airway is patent. Patient is looking pale and in short of breath. Complaining of heaviness and crushing pain around the chest radiating to left arm. Sat patient upright position and checked breathing. Respiratory rate is 20bpm. (9-14bpm is normal resp rate-bts guidelines). The pattern of the breathing is normal, the movement of the chest wall is equal, and symmetrical.SaO2 checked is, 95% on room air. (Above 94%is normal or 88%-92% for those with resp problem (copd) BTS 2008).I administered 35% oxygen via venturi mask. Supplemental oxygen therapy is important to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the tissues and organs when patients experiencing pain and shortness of breath. (Critical care assessment booklet) Patients peripheries are cold and clammy.this indicates poorly perfused tissues. Pressed on patients finger for 5 seconds to check the capillary refill time.(in health,initial blanching should disappear within 2seconds of releasing pressure(Athern and Philpot 2002).CRT is 4 seconds. delayed CRT indicates poor perfusion(Lima and Bakker 2005). checked radial pulse is tachycardic 114bpm.rate is regular. A manual pulse should always checked, as machines that measure heart rate tend to give an averaged value and therefore do not pickup irregularities or arterial insufficiency (Torrance and Elley, 1997).HR is above systolic blood pressure indicating that patient having cardiac problem. Blood pressure is 101/54 mmhg, Temp 36 deg. Patient was very restless due to pain. Obtained ECG and showing small elevation in the ST segment in standard leads.ST elevation is the first sign of infarction. This happens when myocardium injured. ECG is showing Acute Myocardial infarction. Pain relief is the first priority, as uncontrolled pain increases sympathetic stimulation, which leads to increased myocardial oxygen consumption. This can further aggravate the ischemia (T Moore P Woodrow). Informed doctor about patients condition. Inserted cannula and taken bloods for troponin t and routine investigation fbc, ues, coagulation profile. Doctor arrived and examined the patient, advised to give GTN spray and Diamorphine injection (GTN generates nitric oxide that is Vasoprotective.Nitrovasodilators act primarily to dilate veins and therefore has a major effect on reducing the filling pressures of the heart. This helps to reduce myocardial contraction, wall stress, oxygen demands .It is short acting, and its effects last up to 30 minutes. The sublingual route is preferred as this avoids metabolism by the liver which reduces the drug concentration (H Chummun,KGopaul,A. Lutchman 2009) Diamorphine injection 5mg intravenously given .This is both potent analgesic and has pos itive hemodynamic effects particularly,vasodialatation which reduces the myocardial oxygen demand. Metochlorpromide 10mg intravenously (Antiemetic) given along with opiates to minimize nausea, a side effect of opiates therapy. Aspirin and Clopidogrel 300mg given .These are antiplatelet drugs ,decrease the platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation in the arterial circulation ,because in faster-flowing vessels,throbi are composed mainly of platelets with little fibrin. (BNF 2010) Patient is not thrombolysed with streptokinase injection, because the late presentation and later administration is less effective outcome. Currently most protocols advocate a time window of 6hrs from the onset of pain during which it is appropriate to give thrombolytics.After this time it is usually considered that the risk of the drug outweigh the limited benefit gained(MrBassets and Mr Makins). Reassessed vital signs and pain. The pain is easing off slightly, scoring 2.respiratory rate 16bpm , HR 98bpm BP 112/68,CRT 2. Patients condition is improving. Pain assessment is a priority because continued pain is a symptom of ongoing MI, which places additional risk on myocardial tissue (Urden et al, 2002). Repeat Diamorphine injection given as advised by doctor. Closely observed the patient, monitored breathing and oxygen saturation. Oxygen therapy continued, because it is important to assist the myocardial tissue to continue its pumping activity and to repair the damaged tissue around the site of the infarct (Sole et al, 2001).No shortness of breath at present. Repeat ECG taken in 15 minutes interval for assessment of dysrhythmias and it is noninvasive, well tolerated by patients and provides continuous information about the heart (Docherty and Douglas, 2003). Patients blood sugar checked and it is 6.7mmol.patient has no diabetic history. Patient is very anxious and worried. Anxiety can play a role in acute MI. It may affect the development of further heart disease, further morbidity or prognosis, health care use and rehabilitation. (Crow et al,1996, Januzzi et al 2000).I reassured patient. Anxiety management is assigned a high priority in the early management of Acute MI. Doctor discussed with family about present condition and treatment. Family member who are anxious or upset about the patients condition may heighten patient anxiety, research suggest that family members should provide with information to meet their needs to reduce family anxiety (Quinn et al 1996).Doctor explained to the family about patients diagnosis and treatment. Heart rate monitored continuously by attaching telemetry. This helps to identify cardiac arrhythmias. Vitals signs and pain score recorded regularly. Recognizing the signs of clinical deterioration and taking appropriate timely action can be a vital part of providing optimal patient care. The clinical signs of critical illness usually reflect compromised respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological function.The underlying aim of the initial interventions should be seen as a holding measure to keep the patient alive,and produces some clinical improvement ,in order that definitive treatment may be initiated(Nolan et al,2005).

The fellowship of the ring :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, by J.R.R. Tolkien, is the first book in the fantasy-based trilogy of the Lord of the Rings. The book begins with Bilbo Baggins celebrating his one hundred and eleventh birthday. After his party, he then decides to leave everything behind and join a Fellowship, which has a task of destroying the ruling ring, which will give supreme power to whoever has possession of it. Just before he leaves, Gandalf asks Bilbo for this ring. Due to the power in which the ring possesses while it is in his possession, he does not want to give it up. The novel ends with the destruction of the Fellowship due to the power in which the ring contains. One of the prime facts of the Middle Earth is power. Power is not neutral, but is always evil. It gives wicked the chance to dominate. The good is corrupting and inescapable. This is shown repeatedly throughout the novel, from when Bilbo gives up the ring, to when Boromir tries to take the ring, and finally, t o seeing the control that the ring has over Frodo. One incident in the book, which corresponds with how power is evil, would be when Bilbo had to give up the Ring. The ring is very powerful. The power is so enticing that Bilbo is very weary to give up that ring. When Gandalf asks Bilbo if he wishes to give up the ring, Bilbo seems unsure saying yes and no. When it came to having to give it up he didn't like parting with it at all and didn't see why he should have to . Due to the power in which Bilbo feels that the ring had given him, he doesn't want to part with it. By no means does Bilbo want to use the power in an evil manner to dominate all. It is just the thought of power itself that causes this greed to come over him. Although Bilbo in general is a good character, the power of ring corrupts his ways, showing his thirst for power, which he deserves. Another incident, which portrays this corruption of goodness to evil, is when Boromir approaches Frodo and tries to take the ring f rom him. Boromir has authority, which is being heir to the throne of Gondor, but not the supreme power that he desires.

Cultural Assimilation Essay

America is one of the countries that have rich culture. Being a large country, many people are living in it from different origins. Some migrated to this place for work or for other reasons, to experience green pastures. Since America is also in line with the latest fashion, many investors are placing their businesses in this place just to try if they can be successful with their field in this country. America is said to have all sorts of people from all over the world. Europeans, Asians, Russians and other native people are going to America for different reasons. There is a question that arises with the largeness of population of America and the variety of the people there. Is America more of a melting pot or a salad bowl? Melting point, as defined in the scientific manner is the temperature when a substance melts at a certain period of time. In the question given in this assignment, maybe the question is up to the way cultures are being transformed into something new after their migration to the state of America. And the questioning about the salad bowl might ask for the variety of the culture and kinds of people in America. To make the questions easier or in layman’s term, in what I understood about the statement, it asks if America is a place for the transformation of culture or is it a place that consists of variety of things? The site of America, in the viewpoint of other countries, is grand. Since many famous personalities came from this country, I guess it contributes with the fame of the country plus the famous infrastructures and the countries it has given influences. When people learned that life in America is great, that life here is too independent and fresh, green money could be earned, they emerged into going here for the sake of work. Maybe as time passes by, the country has become populated of people from different countries. In m opinion, America is more of a salad bowl since the culture and ideas of the people going here is not melted that nothing will be left. I guess the variety of the culture contributes in making it a salad bowl. As we all know, salad bowls are composed of different foods, fruits or vegetables, plus emulsifying agents like mayonnaise and some extenders. If people reached America, I think it will change the personalities of the people but not enabling them to lose their identities. The other culture of other people will just make it juicier but not change the composition of the culture or personality. It’s like changing a chocolate in syrup for a chocolate cake. We can see that the chocolate already mixed with the cake and it will be difficult for us to distinguish what or where the chocolate is located. Being a salad bowl, the mixture of the cultures and people in America is heterogeneous by which we can still distinguish one identity from the other, unlike with the mixture of powdered coffee and creamer where we will find difficulty of separating the two substances, a homogeneous mixture. My point here is that America really is a more of a salad bowl than a melting pot. In the set up, I guess nothing is lost. There is gain in the mixing of cultures in America since there are many things learned as cultures are being mixed. This is an advantage of it that people might learn the tastes of others and the crafts they are into. All in all, even if their journey or their stay in America changes the people a little, it is still for their better thus making them moving and motile. The personalities will not become stagnant. They will still develop into something new. White privilege might mean something that concerns the power of the white people since if we can look back in our history, white people have conquered a lot of countries in the world and this makes them as a powerful state. People see Americans or white people of high class compared to those with dark or darker skin tones. According from the article I have read, there could be culture cultivation by the time that people step in the land of America, that they will be able to penetrate, learn and apply the things that they will learn from that country thus growth will be evident. The process of cultivation is also the process of acceptance of the new resident in America. He/she should be able to learn to cope with the changes so as to live happily in America. References Cultural Assimilation And Consumption Behaviors: A Methodological Investigation. 2000. Retrieved 11 December 2007 from http://www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/68876925_3. html

How To Use Neuromarketing To Connect With Your Audience With Roger Dooley

How To Use Neuromarketing To Connect With Your Audience With Roger Dooley What triggers your readers to buy? How can you write better calls to action and get more conversions? Today we’re going to be talking to Roger Dooley, the brains behind the book Brainfluence: 100 Ways to Persuade and Convince Consumers With Neuromarketing. He also writes the Neuromarketing blog and regularly contributes to Entrepreneur and Forbes about neuromarketing. What is neuromarketing, and how can you use it to connect with your audience and get better results? That’s what we’re going to be talking to Roger about today. You won’t want to miss it! How Roger defines neuromarketing, the different types of neuromarketing, and how large and small businesses take advantage of the different types. Some of the principles of why neuromarketing techniques work, including social proof, authority, and reciprocity. Roger’s thoughts on case studies, emotions, and the words that potential customers and marketing professionals use. Why it’s important to understand your target buyer’s unconscious needs as well as their conscious needs. Roger’s best tips on building trust with your audience. How to turn your fans into buyers and how to create effective calls to action. Roger’s advice to a marketer who is just starting out in learning about and implementing some neuromarketing techniques. Links: Brainfluence Neuromarketing blog Roger on Entrepreneur Roger on Forbes Robert Cialdini’s Pre-Suasion The Persuasion Slide Perennial Seller If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Roger: â€Å"Even if you are a small business and you can’t afford to do costly studies, you do have the ability to run different kinds of tests in your app or on your website and see what works best.† â€Å"That person who’s purchasing the product may have certain conscious needs but there are also unconscious needs that the buyer probably is less concerned about.† â€Å"Behavioral psychology, in particular, is important. Those are the things that don’t cost any money to apply.†

From Fashion Producer to Fashion Retailer

From Fashion Producer to Fashion Retailer For both the retailers and manufacturers, the goal of fashion merchandising and marketing is to ensure that the merchandise is sold at a profit (Steele 295). To achieve this, one needs careful coordination and execution of the business strategies. The success of the fashion business hinges on fashion merchandising and fashion marketing. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on From Fashion Producer to Fashion Retailer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Owing to the advances in information technology, customers all over the world have become more knowledgeable and inquisitive, due to information on the fashion industry that is readily available on the internet. It is thus important for those involved in fashion retailing to ensure that the needs and wants of their target customers have been met. In an effort to overcome this challenge, fashion manufacturers are now producing specific fashion merchandise to suit the needs of sp ecific customers (Kotler and Armstrong 81). Since fashion retailers are constantly in contact with the final customers, they are more likely to know the needs and wants of their target market. This is important in a highly competitive business environment. If fashion manufactures are not updated with the needs and wants of the end-consumer, they may lose their share of the market. In order to safeguard their market share, some fashion producers may contemplate shifting from the manufacture of fashion merchandises to retailing fashion merchandise. The research paper endeavors to examine the advantages and disadvantages associated with such a move. For a long time, fashion producers have primarily concentrated in the production of their merchandise in an easy and economical manner. A lot of money and time would be spent on consumers in an attempt to convince them that their merchandise suits the needs and wants of the consumers. However, as packaged foods, automobiles and healthy pr oducts recorded successful growth through marketing, fashion businesses also adopted this concept (Steele 296). When fashion producers switches to fashion retailers they are in close contact with their clients and as a result, this enhances the relationship that they share with their clients. This is a positive sign for good business. Principles of marketing therefore become vital for the business. Owing to the constant contact with the end-consumers, they are also likely to know the needs and wants of the customers. Consequently, they have to ensure that they provide merchandise that has been customized to suit the requirements of the market.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fashion producers are also likely to have an enhanced access to the market. They are therefore better placed to study the retail market well, thereby improving their competitiveness. Retail fashioni ng also enables one to provide branded merchandise to the market. Customers would be willing to offer premium prices for such merchandise, and this incenses the profit earnings of a fashion retailer. There is also the issue of consumer loyalty, because they are able to get what they want. Consequently, the fashion retailer is more likely to have repeat business with such customers (Steele 297). Brand orientation brings with it the dimensions of functionality, distinctiveness, symbolism, and value addition (Bridson Evans 404). As such, when a fashion retailer become more brand- oriented, he/she is likely of offer customers a greater retail offer, relative to the competition. Fashion retailers should therefore endeavor to differentiate their merchandise in such a manner as to afford them a competitive advantage in the market. On the other hand, there are also a number of disadvantages that accompanies the decision by a fashion producer to also become a fashion retailer. To start wi th, there is a shift from the core activity, in this case the production of the fashion merchandise, to retailing. A firm is more likely to success when it concentrates on its core activity, as opposed to undertaking various activities. When a firm is only concerned with its core activity, it is more likely to invest more in research and development in an attempt to ensure that its merchandises meet the needs of the consumers (McColl and Moore 97). Another disadvantage of such a move would be the added cost of advertising and undertaking numerous market surveys and research, in an effort to capture the needs and wants of the customer so that the merchandise can be produced to suit these needs. The fashion retailer now has to project sales with regard to the unit of merchandise that they want to sell. In the case of a fashion producer, he/she is required to anticipate the retailers’ needs. In the same way, we may also expect that the fashion retailer shall also have to envis ion the needs of his/her consumers (Stone 59). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on From Fashion Producer to Fashion Retailer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, we need to realize that the number of consumers of fashion merchandise by far outstrips the number of fashion retailers. Accordingly, this means that a fashion retailer shall have to sue more financial and human resources in an attempt to ensure that they deliver the needs of the market. There are various reasons why a fashion producer may decide to become a fashion retailer. They include the need for brad recognition, gaining a competitive advantage, and increased consumer loyalty, among others. Fashion retailing affords one constant interaction with the end-consumers, thereby enhancing the consumer-retailer relationship. However, even as a fashion retailer contemplates on becoming a fashion retailer, he/she should also be careful to ensure that they re tain the quality of their merchandise. In addition, fashion retailing may mean that one now has to deal with a specific brand. Many fashion brands are a fad that loses popularity with time. Therefore, Fashion producers should therefore not abandon the core activity of manufacturing because they may need to fall back on it. Bridson, Kerrie, and Evans, Jody. The secret of fashion advantage in brand orientation. International Journal of retail Distribution Management, 32.8(2004): 403-411 Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2001. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McColl, Julie, and Moore, Christopher. An exploration of fashion retailer own brand strategies. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15.1(2011): 91-107 Steele, Valerie. The Berg Companion to Fashion. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2010. Print. Stone, Elaine. The Dynamics of Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2004. Print.

Weber's and Marx Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Weber's and Marx Capitalism - Essay Example This so-called Protestant ethic was the primary impulse for an almost accidental massive social phenomenon that led to the emergence of capitalism. Weber postulates that the unique characteristics of Protestantism and Calvinism were responsible for enabling society to absorb and embrace the capitalistic economic model. In his introduction he writes, A glance at the occupational statistics of any country of mixed religious composition brings to light with remarkable frequency a situation which has several times provoked discussion in the Catholic press and literature, and in Catholic congresses in Germany, namely, the fact that business leaders and owners of capital, as well as the higher grades of skilled labor, and even more the higher technically and commercially trained personnel of modern enterprises, are overwhelmingly Protestant. This is true not only in cases where the difference in religion coincides with one of nationality, and thus of cultural development, as in Eastern Germany between Germans and Poles. The same thing is shown in the figures of religious affiliation almost wherever capitalism, at t he time of its great expansion, has had a free hand to alter the social distribution of the population in accordance with its needs, and to determine its occupational structure. The more freedom it has had, the more clearly is the effect shown. It is true that the greater relative participation of Protestants in the ownership of capital, in management, and the upper ranks of labor in great modern industrial and commercial enterprises, may in part be explained in terms of historical circumstances, which extend far back into the past, and in which religious affiliation is not a cause of the economic conditions, but to a certain extent appears to be a result of them. Participation in the above economic functions usually involves some previous ownership of capital, and generally an expensive education; often both (1). This thesis (convincingly dubbed 'The Weber Thesis'), based on observations as to the distribution of Protestants in the capitalist world, essentially submits the enterprising and comparatively risky Protestant nature (perhaps a product of the then-fresh Protestant revolution) translated from the religious to the economic world, responsible for the development of the capitalistic economic model. This analysis has met with criticism from a number of academic minds. R. H. Tawney, one distinctive and well-known critic, agreed that capitalism and Protestantism were linked; however, in Religion and the Rise of Capitalism Tawney writes that Protestantism adopted the risk-taking, profit-making model from capitalism, and not that capitalism adopted these traits from Protestantism (Tawney, 1926). Sandra Pierotti continues, "The strongest connection that Tawney saw between capitalism and Protestantism was rationality. Protestantism was a revolt against traditionalism and as such advocated rationality as an approach to life and business. Tawney proposed that the rationality inherent in capitalism became a tenet of Protestantism because rationality was diametrically opposed to the traditionalism of Catholicism. Early Protestant leaders recognized that hard work and rational organization of time were capitalist virtues which fit very nicely into the concept of living one's life in the service of God. Tawney saw the capitalist concepts of division of labor and planned accumulation as being reflected in the dogma of Protestantism which urged its followers to use one's calling on earth for the greater glory of God.

Informal Class Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informal Class Assessment - Essay Example Likewise, in the employment information, not one shares similar work. On the other hand, in terms of interests, there were three who are fond of sports; one is into hiking; two loves reading (but on different facets); one loves travelling; two are into volunteer work, and one is into art, as well as modeling. Even other noted information was vastly diverse. Due to the diversity of the group in educational background, line of employment, and interests, the topics that could be of interest to the batch could be current events, especially one that is controversial in nature; or a general topic that could appeal to all: food, health, love, or relationships, to name a few. These suggested topics could be tackled with enough authoritative research and by establishing a thesis statement to determine which point of view or contention one would propose. For instance, a current controversial topic on gun ban or gun control could be a subject of discussion based on the amount of current news articles written on the subject. One could even solicit their respective views on the subject regarding their preference for gun ban or gun control and signify one’s stance. The topic of food could also be interesting in terms of arguing whether American society has manifested a food dilemma in terms of exhibiting increasing trends on obesity despite being health conscious on nutritional contents of the food Americans regularly eat. This topic could also lead to health concerns, especially trying to determine whether advertisements pose more threats for the children in promoting food items that endanger their health. As such, despite the disparities in educational backgrounds, employment experiences, interests or hobbies, and plans for the future, there are different interesting topics that one have thought of which could spur the interest of the class as the potential